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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the bundle branches in the heart?
What is the primary function of the bundle branches in the heart?
Which term describes the relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle?
Which term describes the relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle?
What does an ECG specifically evaluate?
What does an ECG specifically evaluate?
Which layer of the heart is the thin membrane lining the chambers and covering the valves?
Which layer of the heart is the thin membrane lining the chambers and covering the valves?
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How is heart rate typically measured?
How is heart rate typically measured?
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What does the root 'Atri/o' refer to?
What does the root 'Atri/o' refer to?
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Which term refers to a surgical incision of the atrium?
Which term refers to a surgical incision of the atrium?
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What does the root 'Vas/o' signify?
What does the root 'Vas/o' signify?
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What is the meaning of the term 'venous'?
What is the meaning of the term 'venous'?
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Which term means a sudden contraction of a blood vessel?
Which term means a sudden contraction of a blood vessel?
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What does 'Phleb/o' relate to?
What does 'Phleb/o' relate to?
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What is indicated by the root 'Arter/o'?
What is indicated by the root 'Arter/o'?
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Which term describes the downward displacement of the aorta?
Which term describes the downward displacement of the aorta?
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What condition is characterized by a harsh, high-pitched sound due to upper airway obstruction?
What condition is characterized by a harsh, high-pitched sound due to upper airway obstruction?
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Which procedure involves the surgical puncture of the chest to remove air or fluids?
Which procedure involves the surgical puncture of the chest to remove air or fluids?
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What is the purpose of a spirometer?
What is the purpose of a spirometer?
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What does the root 'Pneumon/o' refer to?
What does the root 'Pneumon/o' refer to?
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What does a tuberculin test detect?
What does a tuberculin test detect?
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Which procedure involves partial excision of the phrenic nerve?
Which procedure involves partial excision of the phrenic nerve?
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What does pulse oximetry measure?
What does pulse oximetry measure?
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What does 'pleurodesis' refer to?
What does 'pleurodesis' refer to?
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What are arterial blood gases (ABGs) primarily used to assess?
What are arterial blood gases (ABGs) primarily used to assess?
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Which abnormal chest sound is primarily audible during expiration?
Which abnormal chest sound is primarily audible during expiration?
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Which condition is characterized by abnormal acidity of body fluids?
Which condition is characterized by abnormal acidity of body fluids?
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What is the function of a bronchoscope?
What is the function of a bronchoscope?
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The term 'pneumothorax' indicates which of the following?
The term 'pneumothorax' indicates which of the following?
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What is the main cause of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the main cause of respiratory alkalosis?
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Which term describes the accidental inhalation of food or foreign material into the lungs?
Which term describes the accidental inhalation of food or foreign material into the lungs?
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can result from which of the following?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can result from which of the following?
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What is the primary action of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?
What is the primary action of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?
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What is an effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents?
What is an effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents?
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Which drug is used specifically to increase urine output by eliminating fluids?
Which drug is used specifically to increase urine output by eliminating fluids?
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What type of drug is nitroglycerin used for?
What type of drug is nitroglycerin used for?
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What class of drugs is known for lowering serum cholesterol and typically ends with -statin?
What class of drugs is known for lowering serum cholesterol and typically ends with -statin?
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Which drug is an antiarrhythmic agent used intravenously?
Which drug is an antiarrhythmic agent used intravenously?
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What is the mechanism of action for a calcium-channel blocker?
What is the mechanism of action for a calcium-channel blocker?
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What is the function of Streptokinase in medical treatment?
What is the function of Streptokinase in medical treatment?
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What is the primary function of interferons in the body?
What is the primary function of interferons in the body?
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What role do IgG antibodies play in the immune system?
What role do IgG antibodies play in the immune system?
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Which description best fits the role of the complement system?
Which description best fits the role of the complement system?
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What function do alveoli serve in the human respiratory system?
What function do alveoli serve in the human respiratory system?
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What type of immunity is primarily responsible for combating intracellular infections?
What type of immunity is primarily responsible for combating intracellular infections?
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Which component of the respiratory system is classified as the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tubes?
Which component of the respiratory system is classified as the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tubes?
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What is the primary role of IgM antibodies in the immune response?
What is the primary role of IgM antibodies in the immune response?
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Where is lymphoid tissue known as adenoids primarily located?
Where is lymphoid tissue known as adenoids primarily located?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System
- The cardiovascular system is the transport system of the body, comprising the heart and blood vessels.
- It delivers oxygen and nutrients to all cells and removes waste products.
- The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers (two atria and two ventricles).
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- Arterioles carry blood from arteries to capillaries.
- Capillaries are microscopic vessels where materials are exchanged between blood and tissues.
- Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
- Valves prevent backflow of blood.
Cardiovascular Terms
- Aorta: The largest artery, receiving blood from the left ventricle and branching to all parts of the body.
- Aortic valve: The valve at the entrance of the aorta.
- Apex: The pointed end of the heart.
- Artery: A vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
- Ateriole: A small vessel carrying blood from arteries to capillaries.
- Antrioventricular (AV) node: A small mass initiating impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the ventricles.
- Atrioventricular (AV) valve: A valve between the atrium and ventricle on both sides of the heart (tricuspid on the right, mitral on the left).
- Atrium: An entrance chamber in the heart, receiving blood.
- AV bundle: A band of fibres transmitting impulses from the AV node.
- Blood pressure: Force exerted by blood against vessel walls.
- Bundle branches: Branches of the AV bundle.
- Capillary: A microscopic vessel enabling material exchange between blood and tissues.
- Heart: A muscular organ rhythmically contracting to pump blood (root: cardi/o).
- Heart rate: The number of heart contractions per minute (bpm).
- Inferior vena cava: A large vein returning deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.
- Left AV valve: A valve between the left atrium and left ventricle (mitral or bicuspid valve).
Lymphatic System
- The lymphatic system is a subsystem of the circulatory system.
- Consisting of vessels, tissues, and organs, it maintains fluid balance in the body.
- It collects excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and deposits them in the bloodstream.
- It defends the body against infection by providing disease-fighting cells (lymphocytes).
Lymphatic Terms
- Appendix: A small, finger-like mass of lymphoid tissue connected to the large intestine.
- Lymph: A plasma-like fluid draining from tissues and transported in lymphatic vessels.
- Lymph node: A mass of lymphoid tissue filtering lymph along lymphatic vessels.
- Lymphatic system: The system draining fluids and proteins from tissues to the bloodstream, aiding in immunity and fat absorption.
- Peyer patches: Aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the lining of the intestine.
- Right Lymphatic Duct: Drains fluid from the upper right side of the body.
- Spleen: A large organ in the upper left of the abdomen, filtering blood and destroying old red blood cells. -Thoracic duct: Drains fluid from the rest of the body.
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide.
- The primary organ is the lungs.
- It carries out gaseous exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Respiratory Terms
- Bronchiole: A smaller subdivision of bronchial tubes.
- Bronchus: One of the larger air passages (singular: bronchus).
- Carbon dioxide: A gas produced by cell metabolism, expelled by the lungs.
- Carbonic acid: An acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
- Compliance: Ease of lung expansion under pressure.
- Diaphragm: Dome-shaped muscle below the lungs (necessary for breathing).
- Epiglottis: Leaf-shaped cartilage covering the larynx during swallowing.
- Expectorant: Coughing up material from the respiratory tract.
- Expiration: Expelling air from the lungs.
- Glottis: The opening between the vocal cords.
- Hemoglobin: Iron-containing protein in red blood cells transporting oxygen.
- Inspiration: Breathing air into the lungs.
- Larynx: The upper part of the trachea containing the vocal cords.
- Lungs: The cone-shaped organs in the thorax.
- Mediastinum: The space between lungs.
- Nose: The breathing organ, housing receptors for smell.
- Oxygen: A gas necessary for cellular respiration, taken in by the lungs.
- Palatine tonsils: Masses of lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx.
- Pharynx: The throat; carries air and food.
- Phrenic nerve: A nerve activating the diaphragm.
- Pleura: Double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.
- Pleural space: Fluid-filled area between pleural membranes.
- Pulmonary ventilation: Movement of air into and out of the lungs.
- Sinus: A hollow cavity or channel.
- Sputum: Material expelled by coughing or clearing the throat.
- Surfactant: Substance in alveoli decreasing surface tension, facilitating expansion.
- Trachea: The air passage connecting the larynx to the bronchi.
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Description
Dive into the essentials of the cardiovascular system, including its components like the heart, arteries, and veins. Understand how blood circulates through the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste. This quiz will test your knowledge of key terms and functions related to this vital bodily system.
