Cardiovascular System Flashcards Chapter 11

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Questions and Answers

What does the pulmonary vein do?

Carries oxygenated blood to tissues

Carries blood from the lungs to the heart (correct)

Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart

Carries blood from the heart to the lungs

What is the function of a valve in the cardiovascular system?

It temporarily closes an opening so blood flows in only one direction.

What is the vena cava?

Carries blood from the heart to the lungs

Largest vein in the body (correct)

Part of the heart's electrical system

Largest artery in the body

What do arteries do?

Carry blood away from the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What are veins?

Thin-walled vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pulse?

The beat of the heart as felt through the wall of the arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is a septal defect?

Small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

What does vasoconstriction refer to?

The narrowing of a vessel. Signup and view all the answers

What is tachycardia?

Condition of rapid heartbeat, faster than 100 bpm. Signup and view all the answers

What is thromophlebitis?

Inflammation of a vein with a clot. Signup and view all the answers

What is the aorta?

The largest artery in the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is a heart block?

Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle. Signup and view all the answers

What does congestive heart failure mean?

Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood. Signup and view all the answers

What are coronary arteries?

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is an aneurysm?

Widening or dilation of a blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

What is ischemia?

Blood is held back from an area of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What does a sphygmomanometer measure?

Blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sinoatrial node?

It is the pacemaker of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What does fibrillation refer to?

Rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contraction of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Define murmur in the context of heart sounds.

Abnormal heart sounds caused by improper closure of heart valves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?

High blood levels are associated with lower incidence of coronary artery disease. Signup and view all the answers

What does essential hypertension mean?

High blood pressure with no identifiable cause. Signup and view all the answers

What is pericardiocentesis?

A procedure that uses a needle to remove fluid from the pericardial sac. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomyopathy?

Disease condition of the heart muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What does diastole refer to?

The relaxation phase of heartbeat. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tricuspid valve?

Valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle with three leaflets. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System Key Terms

Pulmonary Vein: Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Valve: Regulates blood flow direction within veins or the heart, preventing backflow.
Vena Cava: The body's largest veins (superior and inferior) delivering deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
Arteries: Thick, elastic blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart, sustaining high pressure.
Veins: Thinner blood vessels returning deoxygenated blood from body tissues and lungs to the heart, equipped with valves.
Pulse: The tactile sensation of the heart's beat as felt through arterial walls.
Septal Defect: Small openings in the heart wall between atria (atrial) or ventricles (ventricular).
Vasoconstriction: The narrowing of blood vessels, influencing blood flow and pressure.
Tachycardia: Rapid heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
Thromophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein due to clot formation.
Arteriole: Small arteries that convey oxygenated blood to capillaries; they branch from arteries.
Atrium: One of the two upper chambers in the heart responsible for pumping blood.
Aorta: The largest artery in the body, distributing oxygenated blood from the heart to the circulatory system.
Heart Block: Impaired conduction of electrical impulses through the heart's AV node.
Mitral Valve Prolapse: Improper closure of the valve between the heart's left atrium and ventricle during contraction.
Flutter: Rapid, regular contractions of the heart's atria or ventricles.
Thrombotic Occlusion: Vessel blockage due to a blood clot.
Coronary Artery Disease: Narrowing or blockage of arteries surrounding the heart, leading to insufficient blood flow (ischemia).
Hypertensive Heart Disease: Heart complications resulting from high blood pressure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Congenital constriction of the aorta, affecting blood flow.
Congestive Heart Failure: Heart's decreased ability to pump adequate blood volume.
Tetralogy of Fallot: Congenital heart defect comprising four different anomalies.
Raynaud Disease: Episodes of skin pallor and numbness in fingers/toes from temporary arterial constriction.
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Formation of clots in deep veins, particularly in the legs.
Superior Vena Cava: Transfers oxygen-poor blood from the upper body to the heart.
Coronary Arteries: Supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle from the aorta.
Mitral Valvulitis: Inflammation of the mitral valve often linked to rheumatic fever.
Valvuloplasty: Procedure utilizing a balloon catheter to widen a narrowed heart valve.
Sphygmomanometer: Instrument designed for measuring blood pressure.
Interatrial Septum: Wall separating the heart's two atria.
Hemangioma: Benign tumor of blood vessels, common in infants, often self-resolving.
Petechiae: Small, pinpoint hemorrhages indicative of bleeding disorders.
Embolus: A clot or other matter that travels through the bloodstream, risking vessel occlusion.
Digoxin: Medication used to manage abnormal heart rhythms.
ECG (Electrocardiography): Diagnostic tool for recording electrical activity of the heart.
Cardiac Catheterization: Procedure to assess and treat heart conditions via a flexible tube inserted into the heart.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Cholesterol type associated with lower coronary artery disease risk.
Thrombolytic Therapy: Use of drugs to dissolve blood clots in patients with coronary thrombosis.
Aneurysm: Abnormal widening or dilation of a blood vessel.
Secondary Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure stemming from underlying conditions.
Essential Hypertension: High blood pressure with no identifiable cause; defined as 140/90 mmHg or higher.
Pericardiocentesis: Procedure for fluid removal from the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.
Palpitations: Sensations of irregular heartbeats experienced in the chest.
Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
Claudication: Pain or cramping in limbs triggered by physical activity due to inadequate blood flow.
Vegetations: Lesions on heart valves resulting from infection-related damage.
Myocardial Infarction: Heart muscle tissue death due to insufficient blood supply (heart attack).
Ischemia: Condition where blood flow to a body area is restricted.
Angina: Chest pain caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
Endocardium: Smooth inner lining of the heart and heart valves.
Murmur: Abnormal heart sounds caused by faulty valve closure.
Hypercholesterolemia: Excess cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.
Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein.
Cyanosis: Bluish skin discoloration due to oxygen deficiency in blood.
Atheroma: Accumulation of fatty substances forming a plaque in arteries.
Auscultation: Listening to internal organ sounds via a stethoscope.
Ventricle: One of the two lower chambers of the heart.
Septum: Wall dividing the heart's right and left sides.
Diastole: Phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes.
Atrioventricular Valves: Valves located between atria and ventricles.
Sinoatrial Node (SA): Heart's pacemaker initiating electrical impulses for heart contractions.
Tricuspid Valve: Valve controlling blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Mitral Valve: Valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle; known as the bicuspid valve.
Pericardium: Double-layered membrane encasing the heart.
Systole: Phase of the heartbeat when the heart contracts actively pumping blood.
Fibrillation: Rapid, erratic contractions of the heart muscle.
Myocardium: The muscular layer of the heart wall, the thickest layer allowing for contraction.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting the heart muscle.
Cardiomegaly: Enlargement of the heart.
Arteriosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries, affecting blood flow.
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node): Critical for signal transmission from atria to ventricles via specialized fibers.
P Wave: Represents atrial excitation before contraction.
QRS Complex: Depicts ventricular excitation as the ventricles contract.
T Wave: Reflects recovery and relaxation of the ventricles post-contraction.

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Description

Explore the key terms related to the cardiovascular system with this set of flashcards. Learn about essential structures such as the pulmonary vein, valves, vena cava, and arteries. Perfect for students studying Chapter 11 of their anatomy or biology course.