Cardiovascular Physiology and Hemodynamics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the equation for cardiac output (Q)?

  • Q = SV / HR
  • Q = SV + HR
  • Q = SV * HR (correct)
  • Q = SV - HR

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

  • MAP = 3/2 SBP - 1/2 DBP
  • MAP = 1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP (correct)
  • MAP = SBP * DBP
  • MAP = SBP - DBP

What is the equation for resistance?

  • Resistance = pressure/flow (correct)
  • Resistance = pressure - flow
  • Resistance = pressure * flow
  • Resistance = flow/pressure

What is the formula for ejection fraction?

<p>SV/EDV * 100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the VD/VT ratio measure?

<p>Gas exchange efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for alveolar ventilation (VA)?

<p>(VT - VD) * frequency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff)?

<p>arterial - venous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for critical power?

<p>VO2 * 5 * time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for mechanical efficiency?

<p>external work accomplished/energy expended * 100 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for gross efficiency?

<p>WR * 0.00234/VO2 * 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for net efficiency?

<p>WR * 0.00234/(VO2_2 - VO2_1) * 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cardiopulmonary Equations

  • Cardiac output (Q) is calculated by: Q = Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV)
  • Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated by: MAP = (2 × Diastolic Pressure + Systolic Pressure) / 3
  • Resistance (R) is calculated by: R = Mean arterial pressure (MAP) / Cardiac output (Q)
  • Ejection fraction (EF) is calculated by: EF = (End-diastolic volume - End-systolic volume) / End-diastolic volume

Respiratory Equations

  • VD/VT ratio measures the dead space ventilation, which is the ratio of dead space volume (VD) to tidal volume (VT)
  • Alveolar ventilation (VA) is calculated by: VA = (Respiratory Rate × (Tidal Volume - Dead Space Volume))

Oxygen Uptake and Efficiency

  • Arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff) is calculated by: a-vO2diff = Arterial oxygen content - Venous oxygen content
  • Critical power (CP) is the highest power output that can be sustained over a long period of time
  • Mechanical efficiency (ME) is calculated by: ME = (Work output / Energy expenditure) × 100
  • Gross efficiency (GE) is calculated by: GE = (Work output / Energy expenditure including anaerobic and aerobic) × 100
  • Net efficiency (NE) is calculated by: NE = (Work output / Energy expenditure from aerobic sources only) × 100

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