Podcast
Questions and Answers
An increase in parasympathetic outflow to the heart results in which of the following?
An increase in parasympathetic outflow to the heart results in which of the following?
- A slight increase in arterial blood pressure
- A slight decrease in arterial blood pressure followed by an increase in heart rate
- A decrease in heart rate (correct)
- An increase in heart rate
What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart?
What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart?
- Repolarization
- Diastole
- Systole (correct)
- None of the above are correct
In most people, which of the following does NOT demonstrate a linear response to graded exercise in relation to work rate?
In most people, which of the following does NOT demonstrate a linear response to graded exercise in relation to work rate?
- Heart rate
- VO2
- Cardiac output
- Stroke volume (correct)
Which structure serves as the primary “electrical connection” between the atria and ventricles of the heart?
Which structure serves as the primary “electrical connection” between the atria and ventricles of the heart?
Which of the following normally determines heart rate?
Which of the following normally determines heart rate?
Which of the following will NOT increase stroke volume?
Which of the following will NOT increase stroke volume?
Where does all gas exchange between the vascular system and tissues primarily occur?
Where does all gas exchange between the vascular system and tissues primarily occur?
Which of the following has the largest effect (either positive or negative) on blood flow to a specific tissue area?
Which of the following has the largest effect (either positive or negative) on blood flow to a specific tissue area?
Through which vessel does blood travel from the lungs to the left side of the heart?
Through which vessel does blood travel from the lungs to the left side of the heart?
How are myocardial cells different from skeletal muscle fibers?
How are myocardial cells different from skeletal muscle fibers?
Most of the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) that occurs during incremental exercise is due to?
Most of the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) that occurs during incremental exercise is due to?
What is the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (are) the:
What is the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (are) the:
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to have their VO2 max limited?
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to have their VO2 max limited?
In a healthy lung, what helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing?
In a healthy lung, what helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing?
Which of the following does NOT house a major portion of the respiratory center?
Which of the following does NOT house a major portion of the respiratory center?
What parameter is equal to breathing frequency multiplied by tidal volume?
What parameter is equal to breathing frequency multiplied by tidal volume?
In what form is most CO2 transported through the blood?
In what form is most CO2 transported through the blood?
Which of the following would slow the rate of oxygen exchange from the lungs to the blood?
Which of the following would slow the rate of oxygen exchange from the lungs to the blood?
Indicate which factors below cause oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin more easily?
Indicate which factors below cause oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin more easily?
What of the following is NOT true concerning Hemoglobin?
What of the following is NOT true concerning Hemoglobin?
- According to the inylespho dissecretion curve:
- According to the inylespho dissecretion curve:
Flashcards
Parasympathetic outflow effect on HR?
Parasympathetic outflow effect on HR?
Increase in parasympathetic outflow to the heart results in a decrease in heart rate.
Systole
Systole
Systole is the contraction phase of the heart, pumping blood out.
Non-linear response to exercise?
Non-linear response to exercise?
During graded exercise, VO2 does not have a linear response to work rate in most people.
Primary Heart Rate Controller?
Primary Heart Rate Controller?
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Does increased afterload increase Stroke Volume?
Does increased afterload increase Stroke Volume?
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Location of Gas Exchange?
Location of Gas Exchange?
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Greatest effect on blood flow?
Greatest effect on blood flow?
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Blood Pathway from Lungs to Heart?
Blood Pathway from Lungs to Heart?
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Myocardial cells vs. skeletal muscle
Myocardial cells vs. skeletal muscle
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MAP during exercise
MAP during exercise
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Primary Muscle for Breathing?
Primary Muscle for Breathing?
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Least limited VO2 max?
Least limited VO2 max?
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Prevents Alveoli Collapse?
Prevents Alveoli Collapse?
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Cerebellum and Breath Control?
Cerebellum and Breath Control?
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What does Minute Ventilation equal
What does Minute Ventilation equal
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Highest Percentage of CO2 converted to
Highest Percentage of CO2 converted to
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Alveoli and Oxygen rate
Alveoli and Oxygen rate
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What causes easier Oxygen exchange?
What causes easier Oxygen exchange?
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Hemoglobin higher in Fiber type?
Hemoglobin higher in Fiber type?
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In who's curve
In who's curve
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Study Notes
- Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart causes a decrease in heart rate.
- The contraction phase of the heart is called systole.
- VO2 does not have a linear response to graded exercise compared to work rate, cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume.
- The "electrical connection" between the heart is the AV node.
- The sinoatrial node normally determines heart rate.
- Increased afterload will not increase stroke volume, unlike increased preload, end-diastolic volume, and venous return.
- Gas exchange between the vascular system and tissues occurs in the capillaries.
- The radius of the blood vessel has the largest effect on blood flow to a specific area.
- Blood travels from the lungs to the left side of the heart through the pulmonary vein.
- Myocardial cells are branched and can spread depolarization from one cell to another, in contrast to skeletal muscle fibers.
- The increase in mean arterial pressure during graded exercise is due to an increase in systolic blood pressure.
- The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is the diaphragm.
- An elite 3000-meter runner is least likely to have their VO2 max limited compared to a pulmonary patient or healthy sedentary patient.
- Surfactant in a healthy lung helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing.
- The cerebellum does not house a major portion of the respiratory center like the medulla oblongata and pons do.
- VE (minute ventilation) is equal to breathing frequency multiplied by tidal volume.
- Most CO2 is transported through blood after being converted to bicarbonate.
- Increased thickness of the alveoli would slow the rate of oxygen exchange from the lungs to the blood.
- Increased temperature and decreased pH both cause oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin more easily.
- Hemoglobin increases more in slow-twitch fibers than in fast-twitch fibers.
- The inylespho dissecretion curve is shifted with a greater dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin at the same level.
- The bicarbonate buffering system reduces the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood.
- The ventilatory threshold represents the point where minute ventilation begins to rise above the rest level.
- The most likely factor to be substantially lower in a bronchitis patient (with mucus buildup in the bronchi) is a rate of single maximal expiration (FEV1).
- Research consistently shows "breathe right" nasal strips significantly improve performance in both endurance and strength events.
- A ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lung of approximately 1.0 is ideal for gas exchange.
- A linear relationship exists between exercise intensity and core temperature.
- A high percentage of body fat does not result in an increased ability to lose body fat during exercise.
- The body's thermostat (control center) is located in the hypothalamus.
- An increase in core body temperature results in an increase in skin blood flow.
- When body temperature is decreased below normal, insulin is typically increased to release metabolism.
- Sports drinks with electrolytes tend to help people rehydrate more effectively than plain water, but heat-exercise athletes become acclimated and do not need to take in the same amount of fluid in order to stay hydrated as lesser-trained individuals.
- Adaptations to exercise training in a hot environment:
- Plasma volume will increase.
- Sweating will begin sooner during an exercise session.
- Will sweat more.
- The electrolyte concentration in sweat will be lower.
- Cardiovascular values for a young sedentary male at rest:
- Heart rate: 72 beats/min
- Stroke volume: 70 mL/beat
- Cardiac output: 5 L/min
- Cardiovascular values for a young sedentary male at maximal exercise:
- Heart rate: 200 beats/min
- Stroke volume: 110 mL/beat
- Cardiac output: 22 L/min
- The 3 main determinants of venous return of blood to the heart during rhythmic exercise:
- Muscle pump
- Respiratory pump
- Venoconstriction
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