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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is commonly associated with heart hypertrophy?
Which characteristic is commonly associated with heart hypertrophy?
- Fibrosis (correct)
- Reduced cardiac myocyte size
- Decreased myocyte disarray
- Increased ventricular volume
What component is primarily found in the lipid core of an atherosclerotic plaque?
What component is primarily found in the lipid core of an atherosclerotic plaque?
- Cholesterol (correct)
- Fibroblasts
- Collagen
- Calcium deposits
Which of the following is a feature of myocardial infarction?
Which of the following is a feature of myocardial infarction?
- Coagulative necrosis (correct)
- Focal dilation of the wall
- Fibrous cap formation
- Lipid accumulation
Which morphological feature is associated with an aortic aneurysm?
Which morphological feature is associated with an aortic aneurysm?
In infective endocarditis, what primarily composes the vegetations?
In infective endocarditis, what primarily composes the vegetations?
What is a morphological feature of left-sided hypertension?
What is a morphological feature of left-sided hypertension?
Which type of endocarditis is characterized by small, sterile thrombi on valve leaflets?
Which type of endocarditis is characterized by small, sterile thrombi on valve leaflets?
Flashcards
Heart Hypertrophy
Heart Hypertrophy
An increase in the thickness of the ventricular wall, often due to high blood pressure or other cardiovascular conditions. This thickening is characterized by enlarged cardiac muscle cells (myocytes), fibrosis, and a disorganized arrangement of myocyte structure.
Atherosclerotic Plaque
Atherosclerotic Plaque
A buildup of plaque inside the arteries, composed of cholesterol, fats, inflammatory cells, and calcium deposits. This plaque can restrict blood flow, leading to heart disease.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Cell death in the heart muscle due to a lack of blood supply. This can be caused by a blocked artery, leading to chest pain and potential heart failure.
Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic Aneurysm
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Infective Endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis
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Left-Sided Hypertension
Left-Sided Hypertension
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Study Notes
Heart Hypertrophy
- Characterized by increased ventricular wall thickness.
- Enlarged cardiac myocytes are a key feature.
- Fibrosis is observed in the heart tissue.
- Myocyte architecture displays disarray.
Atherosclerotic Plaque
- Comprises a lipid core, primarily LDLs and cholesterol.
- A fibrous cap, made of collagen and fibroblasts, surrounds the lipid core.
- Inflammatory cells, including macrophages and T cells, are present within the plaque.
- Calcium deposits are often found within the plaque.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Coagulative necrosis is a hallmark of myocardial infarction.
- Neutrophils infiltrate the damaged tissue.
- Granulation tissue forms during the healing process.
- Fibrous scar formation replaces the necrotic tissue.
Aortic Aneurysm (Morphological Features)
- Focal dilation of the aortic wall is a defining characteristic.
- Thinning of the tunica media is often observed.
- Mural thrombus can form within the aneurysm.
- Degeneration of elastin and collagen contributes to the weakening of the aortic wall.
Endocarditis (All Types)
- Infective endocarditis: Vegetations of fibrin, platelets, and microorganisms; cause valve destruction or perforation.
- Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE): Small, sterile thrombi on valve leaflets without significant inflammation.
- Libman-Sacks endocarditis: Sterile vegetations on both sides of the valve, associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Left-Sided Hypertension (Morphological Features)
- Characterized by concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.
- An increase in heart weight is a consistent finding.
- Myocyte hypertrophy, with enlarged nuclei, is a prominent feature.
- Interstitial fibrosis is observed in the affected tissue.
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