Cardiovascular Health and Angina
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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of stable angina?

  • Chest pain is relieved by rest.
  • Plaque rupture leads to complete vessel occlusion.
  • Chest pain develops with increased myocardial demand. (correct)
  • Pain persists regardless of physical activity.

    • Which of the following is NOT a sign of unstable angina?

  • Relief of pain with rest. (correct)
  • Partial occlusion of the vessel.
  • Possible ST-segment changes on ECG.
  • Irregular pulse indicating atrial fibrillation.

    • What is a potential consequence of a myocardial infarction (MI)?

  • Increased risk of stable angina.
  • Immediate correction of the ruptured plaque.
  • Possible development of pulmonary congestion. (correct)
  • Complete cessation of all cardiac symptoms.

    • Which of the following might indicate heart failure following an MI?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure from sympathetic stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In unstable angina, what physiological event occurs first?

    <p>Plaque ruptures leading to thrombus formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms might suggest the development of demand ischemia?

    <p>Shortness of breath during exertion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ECG findings might indicate unstable angina?

    <p>Tachycardia or other dysrhythmias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT commonly associated with the development of hypertension?

    <p>High physical activity levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common symptoms associated with the condition described in the assessment findings?

    <p>Coughing and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is used to inspect the airways and lungs as mentioned in the medical management?

    <p>Bronchoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the medical management techniques for the condition involving drainage of material?

    <p>Drainage of purulent material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing a sputum culture and sensitivity test?

    <p>To identify causative microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of restrictive lung diseases?

    <p>Inability to fully inflate the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by chest pain due to an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand?

    <p>Angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is typically given first to alleviate acute chest pain caused by an absence of oxygen supply to the heart?

    <p>Vasodilator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with heart issues when a patient experiences difficulty breathing while lying down?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is an indicator of chronic tissue hypoxia?

    <p>Clubbed fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal angle of the nail that should be observed to avoid indications of clubbing?

    <p>160 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a minor symptom of cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Activity intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient experiencing cold skin temperature may indicate which underlying issue?

    <p>Decreased blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does orthopnea often require to alleviate symptoms?

    <p>Elevated positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary recommendation is appropriate for patients with COPD?

    <p>Low carbohydrate, high protein, and low fat, small frequent meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cor pulmonale primarily caused by?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is most commonly associated with respiratory infections in patients with poor oxygenation?

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of impaired gas exchange due to hypoxemia and acidosis?

    <p>Cardiac dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of bronchiectasis?

    <p>Permanent dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common nursing management technique for patients with respiratory issues post-surgery?

    <p>Instructing on postural drainage techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition arises from chronic pulmonary infections and may cause bronchiectasis?

    <p>Chronic pulmonary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely result of excessive mucus production in patients with bronchiectasis?

    <p>Worsening structural damage of bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the inflammatory response to exposure to an agent?

    <p>Initial vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can acute bronchitis develop into?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common etiology for chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about medical management of bronchitis is correct?

    <p>Bedrest and increased fluids are part of the management plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased permeability of blood vessels have during inflammation?

    <p>Swelling due to fluid and cell shift into the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation during the inflammatory response?

    <p>Release of histamines and prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is considered the best mucolytic for bronchitis management?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected duration of chronic bronchitis symptoms for it to be classified as such?

    <p>Cough with mucus production for at least 3 months each year for 2 consecutive years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular Health

    • Maintain ideal blood sugar and blood pressure with a healthy diet, low in fat and salt.
    • Major symptoms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) include chest pain and discomfort, usually linked to oxygen supply and demand imbalance.
    • Angina pectoris indicates decreased oxygen supply to the heart; immediate treatment includes vasodilators such as nitroglycerin.
    • Myocardial infarction results from acute chest pain due to total absence of oxygen supply.
    • Dyspnea may manifest as:
      • Dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
      • Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying down)
      • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (sudden nighttime breathlessness).
    • Minor symptoms include pallor, cyanosis, cold skin, and clubbing of fingers due to chronic tissue hypoxia.

    Angina Classification

    • Stable Angina: Pain arises from increased demand and pre-existing atherosclerotic plaque; no tissue infarction occurs.
    • Unstable Angina: Triggered by plaque rupture and thrombus formation, potentially leading to myocardial infarction.
    • S3, S4 heart sounds, and new murmurs may indicate heart failure related to ischemia.

    Respiratory Response

    • Acute coronary syndrome can lead to respiratory distress (tachypnea, pulmonary congestion) indicating possible myocardial infarction.
    • Vascular response to injury involves vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased permeability, resulting in swelling and edema.

    Chronic Bronchitis

    • Defined as prolonged inflammation of bronchi characterized by chronic cough and excessive mucus production for at least three months annually over two consecutive years.
    • Etiology includes cigarette smoking, history of bronchial asthma, respiratory tract infections, and air pollution.

    Medical Management for Respiratory Conditions

    • Acute bronchitis is typically self-limiting; treatments include bed rest, antipyretics, expectorants, antitussives, hydration, and humidification.
    • Antibiotics may be prescribed for yellow sputum.
    • Hypoxemia and acidosis can result from gas exchange impairment, leading to potential cardiac dysrhythmias.

    Bronchiectasis

    • Involves permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles, often due to chronic infections or structural abnormalities.
    • Assessment findings include chronic cough with purulent, blood-streaked sputum, fatigue, weight loss, and dyspnea.
    • Diagnostic tools include chest x-ray (CXR) and bronchoscopy, which can reveal structural changes and infection sources.
    • Medical management includes drainage of purulent material, antibiotics, bronchodilators, mucolytics, and possibly surgery.

    Diet Considerations for COPD

    • Recommended dietary approach is low carb, high protein, and low fat with small, frequent meals to prevent breathing difficulties post-meal.

    General Health Management

    • Regular consultations with healthcare professionals are vital for individuals presenting with any cardiovascular or respiratory symptoms.
    • Maintain good oral hygiene to prevent halitosis, especially important for patients with chronic respiratory issues.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key concepts surrounding cardiovascular health, including dietary recommendations for managing blood sugar and blood pressure. It also covers symptoms and classifications of angina, as well as conditions related to myocardial infarction. Test your understanding of these crucial cardiovascular topics!

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