Cardiovascular Drug Classes Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of ACE Inhibitors?

Inhibits Angiotensin I conversion to Angiotensin II, reducing Aldosterone secretion and therefore increasing loss of Na+ and water. Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction so these drugs result in vasodilation. Prevent bradykinin breakdown.

What is the suffix for ACE Inhibitor drugs? Give an example.

-dipine

-sartan

-olol

-pril (correct)

What impact can ACE Inhibitors have on the oral cavity?

Xerostomia, glossitis, erythema multiforme, lichenoid reactions, loss of taste, angioedema.

What effect does Bradykinin from ACE Inhibitors have?

Dry cough, angioedema. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does ACE Inhibitors have on dental management?

Captopril can cause bone marrow depression, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia. Combined with ibuprofen can cause renal impairment and hyperkalemia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)?

Block type I Angiotensin II receptors, reducing Aldosterone secretion and therefore increasing loss of Na+ and water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix for Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist drugs? Give an example.

-sartan Signup and view all the answers

What impact can Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists have on the oral cavity?

Produce taste disturbances. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists have on dental management?

Combined with NSAIDs can reduce hypotensive effects and increase renal impairment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of B-Blockers?

Reduce Renin release by inhibiting the Renin-Angiotensin System, reduces sympathetic activity, reduces cardiac output. Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix for B-Blocker drugs? Give an example.

-olol Signup and view all the answers

What impact does B-Blockers have on oral structures and dental management?

Xerostomia, lichenoid reactions, increased tooth demineralization, perioral numbness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Calcium Channel Blocker drugs?

Bind to L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle, interfere with calcium entry, reducing contractility, cause arterial vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

Name the two classes of Calcium Channel Blockers. Give an example of each.

Dihydropyridines and Non-dihydropyridines Signup and view all the answers

What impact do Calcium Channel Blocker drugs have on the oral cavity and dental management?

Gingival hyperplasia, taste disturbances, increased toxicity of lidocaine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Alpha-Adrenoreceptor Blockers?

Selective Alpha-1 agonists that produce vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does Alpha-Adrenoreceptor Blockers have on dental management?

Postural hypotension, can produce thrombocytopenia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Diuretic drugs?

Decrease Na+ resorption, resulting in greater loss of water. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of Diuretic drugs? Give an example of each. What would they be used to treat?

Thiazide and Loop Signup and view all the answers

What impact do Diuretics have on dental management?

Can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, requiring careful patient monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ACE Inhibitors

Mechanism of action: Inhibit conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, reducing aldosterone secretion, leading to increased Na+ and water loss, vasodilation, and prevention of bradykinin breakdown.
Suffix: "-pril" (Examples: Lisinopril, Captopril, Ramipril, Enalapril, Perindopril).
Oral cavity impacts: Can cause xerostomia, glossitis, erythema multiforme, lichenoid reactions, loss of taste, and angioedema.
Bradykinin effects: May lead to dry cough and angioedema.
Dental management implications: Monitor platelet count due to potential bone marrow depression; can cause renal impairment and hyperkalemia when combined with Ibuprofen.

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)

Mechanism of action: Block type I Angiotensin II receptors, lowering aldosterone secretion and promoting vasodilation through increased Na+ and water loss.
Suffix: "-sartan" (Examples: Candesartan, Irbesartan, Losartan).
Oral cavity impacts: Can cause taste disturbances.
Dental management implications: NSAIDs may reduce hypotensive effects; corticosteroids and anxiolytics can also impact blood pressure.

Beta-Blockers

Mechanism of action: Reduce renin release and sympathetic activity, thereby lowering cardiac output.
Suffix: "-olol" (Examples: Atenolol, Propranolol, Labetolol, Metoprolol).
Oral cavity impacts: Can lead to xerostomia, lichenoid reactions, increased tooth demineralization, perioral numbness, increased local anesthetic toxicity, and reduced Diazepam metabolism; contraindicated with Ibuprofen.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Mechanism of action: Bind to L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle, reducing calcium entry, contractility, and cause arterial vasodilation; dihydropyridines primarily dilate peripheral vessels, whereas non-dihydropyridines decrease ventricular contraction rate and force.
Classes: Dihydropyridines (e.g., Nifedipine, Amlodipine) and Non-dihydropyridines (e.g., Verapamil, Diltiazem).
Oral cavity impacts: May cause gingival hyperplasia (exacerbated by poor oral hygiene), taste disturbances, increased lidocaine toxicity, prolonged sedation effects when paired with Midazolam, and unpredictable BP responses with sublingual Nifedipine.

Alpha-Adrenoreceptor Blockers

Mechanism of action: Selective alpha-1 agonists causing vasodilation.
Dental management implications: Risk of postural hypotension and potential thrombocytopenia.

Diuretic Drugs

Mechanism of action: Decrease sodium resorption, increasing water loss.
Classes: Thiazide (e.g., Bendroflumethiazide) used for hypertension and Loop (e.g., Furosemide, Bumetanide) used for heart failure.
Dental management impacts: Information not provided but could include potential electrolyte imbalances affecting oral health.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cardiovascular drug classes, specifically focusing on ACE inhibitors. This quiz will cover the mechanism of action, drug suffixes, and important pharmacological details. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare fields looking to enhance their understanding.