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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the coronary arteries?
What is the main purpose of the coronary arteries?
The left atrium receives non-oxygenated blood from the body.
The left atrium receives non-oxygenated blood from the body.
False
What condition occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle is blocked?
What condition occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle is blocked?
Coronary heart disease
The heart is surrounded by a sac known as the __________.
The heart is surrounded by a sac known as the __________.
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Match the types of cardiovascular disease with their descriptions:
Match the types of cardiovascular disease with their descriptions:
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What percentage of strokes are classified as ischemic strokes?
What percentage of strokes are classified as ischemic strokes?
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Which test is used to create images of the heart in motion?
Which test is used to create images of the heart in motion?
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A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) causes permanent brain damage.
A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) causes permanent brain damage.
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Blood tests can check for cardiac enzymes that leak into the blood after a heart attack.
Blood tests can check for cardiac enzymes that leak into the blood after a heart attack.
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What type of medication is used to relax and widen blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart?
What type of medication is used to relax and widen blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart?
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What type of medicine is known as the gold standard treatment for ischemic strokes?
What type of medicine is known as the gold standard treatment for ischemic strokes?
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________ is a condition where blood supply to the brain is cut off.
________ is a condition where blood supply to the brain is cut off.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT typically used to manage blood clotting?
Which of the following is NOT typically used to manage blood clotting?
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A cerebral angiogram is performed through an incision in the arm.
A cerebral angiogram is performed through an incision in the arm.
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What are the two main categories of strokes?
What are the two main categories of strokes?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
- CVD is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels, also known as heart disease.
Heart Anatomy
- The heart has four valves: tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic.
- The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava, pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
- The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs (through the pulmonary valve) for oxygenation.
- The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
- The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve to the aorta and the rest of the body.
- Coronary arteries supply oxygen to the heart muscle.
- Nerve tissue controls heart contractions and relaxations.
- The pericardium is a sac surrounding the heart and its major blood vessels.
Types of Heart Disease
-
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Blocked or reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, causing various issues like:
- Angina (chest pain)
- Heart attack (sudden blockage of blood flow)
- Heart failure (inability to pump blood effectively)
Diagnosis
- Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Measures heart rhythm (speed and regularity).
- Chest X-ray: Shows heart and lung condition.
- Blood tests: Detect cardiac enzymes (proteins released following heart damage).
- Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create images of the heart's movement and blood flow. Can be used during a stress test.
- CT or MRI: Detailed images of the heart and surrounding structures.
Treatment
- Nitrates: Relax and widen blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the heart.
- Aspirin: Reduces blood clotting.
- Anti-clotting drugs: (e.g., Plavix, Effient, Brilinta) prevent blood clots.
- Beta-blockers: Slow heart rate and reduce blood pressure.
Stroke
- A stroke occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted.
- A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is temporary disruption of blood flow.
- Ischemic strokes (87%): Caused by blocked arteries.
- Hemorrhagic strokes (13%): Caused by bleeding in the brain.
Stroke Diagnosis
- Physical exam: Checks blood pressure, neurological function.
- Blood tests: Assess blood clotting.
- CT scan: Detects bleeding, ischemic strokes, tumors.
- MRI: Detects brain tissue damage from ischemic strokes and hemorrhages.
- Cerebral angiogram: A detailed view of brain and neck arteries using a catheter and dye.
Stroke Treatment
-
Ischemic stroke treatment: Aims to restore blood flow quickly.
- Emergency IV medicine: (like TPA) breaks up clots within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Treatment time is critical.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of cardiovascular disease, including the anatomy of the heart and its various functions. Explore the different types of heart disease, focusing on their effects on the heart and blood vessels. Understand how these conditions can impact overall health.
