Cardiovascular Disease Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the coronary arteries?

To pump oxygen-rich blood to the body

To regulate the heart's electrical signals

To carry non-oxygenated blood to the lungs

To provide oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle (correct)

The left atrium receives non-oxygenated blood from the body.

False

What condition occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle is blocked?

Coronary heart disease

The heart is surrounded by a sac known as the __________.

pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of cardiovascular disease with their descriptions:

Coronary heart disease = Flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart is blocked Angina = Chest pain caused by restricted blood flow Heart attack = Sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart Heart failure = Heart is unable to pump blood effectively Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of strokes are classified as ischemic strokes?

87% Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to create images of the heart in motion?

Echocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) causes permanent brain damage.

False Signup and view all the answers

Blood tests can check for cardiac enzymes that leak into the blood after a heart attack.

True Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is used to relax and widen blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart?

Nitrates Signup and view all the answers

What type of medicine is known as the gold standard treatment for ischemic strokes?

recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) Signup and view all the answers

________ is a condition where blood supply to the brain is cut off.

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Clopidogrel = A drug that prevents blood clots Beta blockers = Drugs that slow the heartbeat and lower blood pressure CT scan = Imaging test to detect bleeding in the brain Hemorrhagic stroke = Stroke caused by bleeding in the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically used to manage blood clotting?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

A cerebral angiogram is performed through an incision in the arm.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of strokes?

Ischemic stroke and Hemorrhagic stroke Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

CVD is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels, also known as heart disease.

Heart Anatomy

The heart has four valves: tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic.
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava, pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs (through the pulmonary valve) for oxygenation.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve to the aorta and the rest of the body.
Coronary arteries supply oxygen to the heart muscle.
Nerve tissue controls heart contractions and relaxations.
The pericardium is a sac surrounding the heart and its major blood vessels.

Types of Heart Disease

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Blocked or reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, causing various issues like:
- Angina (chest pain)
- Heart attack (sudden blockage of blood flow)
- Heart failure (inability to pump blood effectively)

Diagnosis

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Measures heart rhythm (speed and regularity).
Chest X-ray: Shows heart and lung condition.
Blood tests: Detect cardiac enzymes (proteins released following heart damage).
Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create images of the heart's movement and blood flow. Can be used during a stress test.
CT or MRI: Detailed images of the heart and surrounding structures.

Treatment

Nitrates: Relax and widen blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the heart.
Aspirin: Reduces blood clotting.
Anti-clotting drugs: (e.g., Plavix, Effient, Brilinta) prevent blood clots.
Beta-blockers: Slow heart rate and reduce blood pressure.

Stroke

A stroke occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted.
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is temporary disruption of blood flow.
Ischemic strokes (87%): Caused by blocked arteries.
Hemorrhagic strokes (13%): Caused by bleeding in the brain.

Stroke Diagnosis

Physical exam: Checks blood pressure, neurological function.
Blood tests: Assess blood clotting.
CT scan: Detects bleeding, ischemic strokes, tumors.
MRI: Detects brain tissue damage from ischemic strokes and hemorrhages.
Cerebral angiogram: A detailed view of brain and neck arteries using a catheter and dye.

Stroke Treatment

Ischemic stroke treatment: Aims to restore blood flow quickly.
- Emergency IV medicine: (like TPA) breaks up clots within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Treatment time is critical.

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Description

This quiz provides an overview of cardiovascular disease, including the anatomy of the heart and its various functions. Explore the different types of heart disease, focusing on their effects on the heart and blood vessels. Understand how these conditions can impact overall health.