Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary system affected by Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
What is the primary system affected by Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
Which of the following is a risk factor for Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
Which of the following is a risk factor for Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
What is the primary symptom of Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
What is the primary symptom of Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
What is the primary investigation for Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
What is the primary investigation for Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
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What is the primary treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
What is the primary treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
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What is the primary complication of untreated Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
What is the primary complication of untreated Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)?
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What is the primary system affected by Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
What is the primary system affected by Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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Which of the following is a risk factor for Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Which of the following is a risk factor for Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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What is the most common cardiac arrhythmia?
What is the most common cardiac arrhythmia?
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What is the primary treatment for asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation?
What is the primary treatment for asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation?
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What is the diagnostic test for Atrial Fibrillation?
What is the diagnostic test for Atrial Fibrillation?
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What is the classification of Heart Block that involves a delay in conduction between the SA node and ventricles?
What is the classification of Heart Block that involves a delay in conduction between the SA node and ventricles?
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What is the treatment for Third Degree Heart Block?
What is the treatment for Third Degree Heart Block?
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What is the complication of left untreated Atrial Fibrillation?
What is the complication of left untreated Atrial Fibrillation?
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What is the risk factor for Atrial Fibrillation?
What is the risk factor for Atrial Fibrillation?
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What is the symptom of Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz 2)?
What is the symptom of Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz 2)?
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What is the diagnostic test for Heart Block?
What is the diagnostic test for Heart Block?
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What is the complication of left untreated Heart Block?
What is the complication of left untreated Heart Block?
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What is the primary system associated with Sinus Bradycardia?
What is the primary system associated with Sinus Bradycardia?
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What is the typical heart rate in Sinus Bradycardia?
What is the typical heart rate in Sinus Bradycardia?
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Which of the following is a risk factor for Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia (SVT)?
Which of the following is a risk factor for Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia (SVT)?
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What is the primary goal of vagal stimulation in the treatment of SVT?
What is the primary goal of vagal stimulation in the treatment of SVT?
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What is the typical ECG finding in SVT?
What is the typical ECG finding in SVT?
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What is the potential complication of untreated SVT?
What is the potential complication of untreated SVT?
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What is the primary treatment for symptomatic Sinus Bradycardia?
What is the primary treatment for symptomatic Sinus Bradycardia?
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What is the primary indication for Holter monitor in Sinus Bradycardia?
What is the primary indication for Holter monitor in Sinus Bradycardia?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular Conditions
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)
- Loss of regular heartbeat, causing ventricular quivering and inefficient pumping
- Risk factors: CAD, stress, M>F, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, acidosis
- Symptoms: palpitations, fatigue, weakness, syncope/collapse, hypotension, chest discomfort
- Investigation: ECG shows erratic readings, no identifiable waves
- Treatment: CPR + Defibrillator
- Red flag: MEDICAL EMERGENCY – call EMS
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Non-inflammatory enlargement of the heart muscles, four-chamber hypertrophy, unexplained dilation, and impaired systolic function
- Risk factors: alcoholism, thiamine deficiency, genetics, myocarditis, drugs, peripartum (within 6 months postpartum)
- Symptoms: SOB, weakness, palpitations
- Progressions/Sequela: life-threatening, tissue and function loss, amputation, septic shock & toxemia, wet gangrene = poor prognosis
- Treatment: antibiotics, surgery, proper wound care
- Red flag: EMERGENT – surgical consult
Atrial Fibrillation
- Loss of regular atrial contractile rhythm out of sync with ventricular contraction
- Risk factors: HTN, AV valve disorder, hyperthyroidism, cardiomyopathy, M>F, white, elderly, previous heart pathology, FHx
- Symptoms: asymptomatic, possible palpitations, SOB, dizziness
- Investigation: ECG shows QRS width >120ms, abnormal shape, diagnostic; Holter monitor for monitoring heart rhythm, noting arrhythmias
- Progressions/Sequela: V-tachycardia if left untreated
- Treatment: no treatment if asymptomatic, b-blockers, CCB if symptomatic, electrolyte replacement/ magnesium, potassium, lifestyle modifications
Heart Block
- Problem affecting the electrical impulses of the heart
- Risk factors: elderly
- Classification:
- First degree: delay in conduction between SA node and ventricles
- Second degree (Mobitz 1 = Wenckebach’s): PR interval gets progressively more extended
- Second degree (Mobitz 2): QRS not following each P wave, PR internal stays constant
- Third degree: no electrical signals reach the ventricles
- Symptoms: 1st = asymptomatic, 2nd = asymptomatic or syncope, 3rd degree = syncope, dizziness, acute HA, hypotension, fainting
- Investigation: ECG/EKG shows classification results
- Progressions/Sequela: anterior wall MI, arrhythmias, asystole if left untreated
- Treatment: pacemaker, removal of any medications responsible
Sinus Bradycardia
- Heartbeat <100BPM
- Investigation: ECG/EKG shows regular rhythm; Holter monitor for 72hrs
- Progressions/Sequela: ischemic heart disease, valvular disease if left untreated
- Treatment: no treatment if physiological, b-blocker/CCB if symptomatic
Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia (SVT)
- Sudden burst of elevated heart rate that originates from the AV node or within atria
- Risk factors: alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, anxiety, SA/AV ischemia, meds (digoxin), COPD, pneumonia, Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome
- Symptoms: palpitations, presyncope/syncope, dizziness, SOB, chest discomfort
- Investigation: pulse shows pounding, >100bpm; ECG shows narrow QRS complex
- Progressions/Sequela: heart disease, cardiomyopathy, CHF, hypotension if left untreated
- Treatment: vagal stimulation, adenosine IV push (6mg-12mg)
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Description
This quiz covers the risk factors, symptoms, investigation, and treatment of ventricular fibrillation, a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
