Nursing 102 Exam 4 quiz 1

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Which of the following is a common symptom of peripheral arterial disease?

Swelling and redness in the lower legs

Dull aching pain in the lower extremities

Irregular-bordered sores with yellow drainage

Cool, dry skin with lack of hair growth (correct)

What is the primary mechanism of action for angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of hypertension?

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to reduce angiotensin II production

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate and contractility

Blockade of the angiotensin II receptor to prevent its vasoconstrictive effects (correct)

Stimulation of the release of aldosterone to promote sodium and water retention

Which of the following lab tests is most useful for detecting myocardial injury in a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome?

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

High-sensitivity troponin (correct)

Myoglobin

Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, which is recommended for cardiovascular health?

Emphasis on the use of olive oil and inclusion of seafood/fish Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension?

Antagonism of the adrenergic beta receptors to reduce heart rate and contractility Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended target range for LDL cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular disease or high risk for cardiovascular disease?

LDL less than 70 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup in vessels while arteriosclerosis is thickening and stiffness of arteries. Signup and view all the answers

How can hypertension increase the risk of stroke?

By creating new blood clots that can block vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is associated with right-sided heart failure?

Inability to properly pump blood to the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Nicotine use Signup and view all the answers

What may indicate an assessment of the vascular system includes intermittent claudication?

"Rest pain" Signup and view all the answers

In which type of heart failure is pulmonary edema and crackles commonly seen?

Left-sided heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient's dorsalis pedis pulse is absent after surgery?

Immediately call the provider/surgeon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cholesterol medications (statins) is correct?

They are typically taken around bedtime Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing an aneurysm?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm greater than 5.5 cm?

Perform surgical repair to prevent rupture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

A patient with a pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods should be avoided by patients taking anticoagulant medications like warfarin?

Cranberries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a 4+ pulse?

It may be accompanied by bulging jugular veins Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test is used to confirm a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

Troponin I or T Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method for monitoring an anticoagulant like Coumadin?

INR (International Normalized Ratio) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended ECG/EKG lead configuration for obtaining the most comprehensive cardiac data?

12-lead ECG Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by unpredictable chest pain that requires medical intervention?

Unstable angina Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate course of action for a patient presenting with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) within 30 minutes?

Administer thrombolytic therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering diuretics in the morning?

To allow for uninterrupted sleep at night Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the UNLOAD FAST approach for treating congestive heart failure?

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking troponin I/T levels?

To diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of intermittent claudication?

It is a sign of arteriole disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Mediterranean diet?

Low-fat dairy products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) levels?

To assess heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for stable angina?

Nitroglycerin under the tongue and aspirin Signup and view all the answers

Why should beta-blockers not be prescribed to patients with asthma?

The quick-acting inhalers won't work due to beta receptor blockade Signup and view all the answers

What does Furosemide do if potassium levels are already low?

It drops potassium levels further Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended intervention for an aneurysm over 5.5 in diameter?

Immediate surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

Why are spinach and cranberries mentioned in relation to Coumadin?

They counteract the anticoagulant effects of Coumadin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Diuretics in the morning?

To reduce nighttime urination Signup and view all the answers

When should patients call their doctor regarding weight changes?

"If excessive weight gain" Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cellulitis?

Bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stockings help return venous blood effectively?

High tension TED stockings Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step when encountering a patient with ventricular tachycardia?

Begin CPR immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is caused by plaque buildup whereas arteriosclerosis is due to thickening and stiffness of blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

How does right-sided heart failure differ from left-sided heart failure?

Right-sided heart failure involves difficulty pumping blood to the body, while left-sided heart failure affects oxygenation and lung function. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key modifiable risk factors contributing to atherosclerosis?

Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and nicotine use Signup and view all the answers

How does hypertension increase the risk of stroke in individuals with atherosclerosis?

Hypertension promotes vessel stiffness, making it easier for clots or plaques to break off and cause strokes. Signup and view all the answers

What role does intermittent claudication play in assessing the vascular system?

It suggests potential arterial blockages affecting blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

How do aneurysms, such as aortic dissection, contribute to cardiovascular risks?

Aneurysms can result in sudden vessel ruptures and serious complications like dissection. Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test is used to monitor the risk of kidney damage in patients with muscle breakdown?

Myoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended food in the Mediterranean diet?

Red meat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for checking brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels?

To assess heart failure risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended mean arterial pressure (MAP) range for adequate kidney perfusion?

65-100 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of venous insufficiency?

Lower leg edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension?

Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom that a patient with confirmed or suspected clot should be cautious about?

Muscular pain Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to take cholesterol medications (usually ending in STATIN) at bedtime?

To align with the liver's natural cholesterol production cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why limbs should not be raised above the heart in a patient with arterial disease?

It may lead to increased strain on the heart and arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of blood thinners in relation to patients undergoing pharmacological management for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

They may lead to excessive bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is specifically highlighted for its role in inhibiting platelet aggregation and acting as a vasodilator in the management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

Cilostazol Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients with factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, and other conditions be cautious about immobilization?

Elevated likelihood of clot formation Signup and view all the answers

What may be indicated by abnormal heart sounds like gallop?

Right-sided heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test is recommended for detecting heart failure?

BNP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using thrombolytics in myocardial infarction (MI) treatment?

Dissolve blood clots Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an inverted T/S wave on an ECG for a patient with unstable angina?

Sign of unstable angina Signup and view all the answers

Why are thrombolytics recommended to be administered within 30 minutes of myocardial infarction presentation?

To dissolve blood clots quickly Signup and view all the answers

What electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with rapid weight gain in right-sided heart failure?

Hyponatremia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diuretic is known to cause potassium overload or hyperkalemia?

Spironolactone Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for a patient with an aneurysm over 5.5 in diameter?

Immediate surgery intervention Signup and view all the answers

Why should beta-blockers not be prescribed to patients with asthma?

They may make asthma inhalers less effective Signup and view all the answers

When should diuretics be administered to a patient?

In the morning Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended response if a patient presents with ventricular tachycardia and has no pulse?

Begin CPR immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate course of action if an abdominal aortic aneurysm is 5.0 in diameter?

No intervention needed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods can counteract the effects of Coumadin?

Spinach and cranberries Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of cellulitis?

Staphylococcus Aureus Signup and view all the answers

Why are beta-blockers contraindicated in asthma patients?

They interfere with asthma inhaler effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of giving Furosemide to a patient with already low potassium levels?

Potassium levels will decrease further. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the 'UNLOAD FAST' approach for treating congestive heart failure?

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension?

Preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about angioedema, a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors, is correct?

It can occur randomly, even if the patient has been taking ACE inhibitors for a long time without any side effects. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Mediterranean diet, recommended for cardiovascular health, is correct?

It is a low-fat diet with a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and olive oil. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of intermittent claudication?

It is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lab tests is most useful for detecting myocardial injury in a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome?

Troponin I/T Signup and view all the answers

Nursing 102 Exam 4 quiz 1

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of peripheral arterial disease?

What is the primary mechanism of action for angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of hypertension?

Which of the following lab tests is most useful for detecting myocardial injury in a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, which is recommended for cardiovascular health?

What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension?

What is the recommended target range for LDL cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular disease or high risk for cardiovascular disease?

What is the main difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?

How can hypertension increase the risk of stroke?

What symptom is associated with right-sided heart failure?

Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

What may indicate an assessment of the vascular system includes intermittent claudication?

In which type of heart failure is pulmonary edema and crackles commonly seen?

What should be done if a patient's dorsalis pedis pulse is absent after surgery?

Which of the following statements about cholesterol medications (statins) is correct?

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing an aneurysm?

What is the recommended treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm greater than 5.5 cm?

Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which of the following foods should be avoided by patients taking anticoagulant medications like warfarin?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a 4+ pulse?

Which lab test is used to confirm a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

What is the preferred method for monitoring an anticoagulant like Coumadin?

What is the recommended ECG/EKG lead configuration for obtaining the most comprehensive cardiac data?

Which condition is characterized by unpredictable chest pain that requires medical intervention?

What is the appropriate course of action for a patient presenting with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) within 30 minutes?

What is the purpose of administering diuretics in the morning?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the UNLOAD FAST approach for treating congestive heart failure?

What is the purpose of checking troponin I/T levels?

What is the significance of intermittent claudication?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Mediterranean diet?

What is the purpose of checking BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) levels?

What is the treatment for stable angina?

Why should beta-blockers not be prescribed to patients with asthma?

What does Furosemide do if potassium levels are already low?

What is the recommended intervention for an aneurysm over 5.5 in diameter?

Why are spinach and cranberries mentioned in relation to Coumadin?

What is the role of Diuretics in the morning?

When should patients call their doctor regarding weight changes?

What is the primary cause of cellulitis?

Which type of stockings help return venous blood effectively?

What is the first step when encountering a patient with ventricular tachycardia?

What is the primary difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?

How does right-sided heart failure differ from left-sided heart failure?

What are the key modifiable risk factors contributing to atherosclerosis?

How does hypertension increase the risk of stroke in individuals with atherosclerosis?

What role does intermittent claudication play in assessing the vascular system?

How do aneurysms, such as aortic dissection, contribute to cardiovascular risks?

Which lab test is used to monitor the risk of kidney damage in patients with muscle breakdown?

Which of the following is NOT a recommended food in the Mediterranean diet?

What is the primary reason for checking brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels?

What is the recommended mean arterial pressure (MAP) range for adequate kidney perfusion?

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of venous insufficiency?

What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension?

What is the main symptom that a patient with confirmed or suspected clot should be cautious about?

Why is it advised to take cholesterol medications (usually ending in STATIN) at bedtime?

What is the primary reason why limbs should not be raised above the heart in a patient with arterial disease?

What is the main criticism of blood thinners in relation to patients undergoing pharmacological management for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

Which medication is specifically highlighted for its role in inhibiting platelet aggregation and acting as a vasodilator in the management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

Why should patients with factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, and other conditions be cautious about immobilization?

What may be indicated by abnormal heart sounds like gallop?

Which lab test is recommended for detecting heart failure?

What is the primary purpose of using thrombolytics in myocardial infarction (MI) treatment?

What is the significance of an inverted T/S wave on an ECG for a patient with unstable angina?

Why are thrombolytics recommended to be administered within 30 minutes of myocardial infarction presentation?

What electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with rapid weight gain in right-sided heart failure?

Which type of diuretic is known to cause potassium overload or hyperkalemia?

What is the recommended action for a patient with an aneurysm over 5.5 in diameter?

Why should beta-blockers not be prescribed to patients with asthma?

When should diuretics be administered to a patient?

What is the recommended response if a patient presents with ventricular tachycardia and has no pulse?

What is the appropriate course of action if an abdominal aortic aneurysm is 5.0 in diameter?

Which of the following foods can counteract the effects of Coumadin?

What is the most common cause of cellulitis?

Why are beta-blockers contraindicated in asthma patients?

What is the consequence of giving Furosemide to a patient with already low potassium levels?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the 'UNLOAD FAST' approach for treating congestive heart failure?

What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension?

Which of the following statements about angioedema, a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors, is correct?