Nursing 102 Exam 4 quiz 1
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of peripheral arterial disease?

  • Swelling and redness in the lower legs
  • Dull aching pain in the lower extremities
  • Irregular-bordered sores with yellow drainage
  • Cool, dry skin with lack of hair growth (correct)

    • What is the primary mechanism of action for angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of hypertension?

  • Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to reduce angiotensin II production
  • Activation of the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate and contractility
  • Blockade of the angiotensin II receptor to prevent its vasoconstrictive effects (correct)
  • Stimulation of the release of aldosterone to promote sodium and water retention

    • Which of the following lab tests is most useful for detecting myocardial injury in a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome?

  • Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
  • High-sensitivity troponin (correct)
  • Myoglobin
  • Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, which is recommended for cardiovascular health?

    <p>Emphasis on the use of olive oil and inclusion of seafood/fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension?

    <p>Antagonism of the adrenergic beta receptors to reduce heart rate and contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended target range for LDL cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular disease or high risk for cardiovascular disease?

    <p>LDL less than 70 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?

    <p>Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup in vessels while arteriosclerosis is thickening and stiffness of arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can hypertension increase the risk of stroke?

    <p>By creating new blood clots that can block vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Inability to properly pump blood to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

    <p>Nicotine use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may indicate an assessment of the vascular system includes intermittent claudication?

    <p>&quot;Rest pain&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of heart failure is pulmonary edema and crackles commonly seen?

    <p>Left-sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient's dorsalis pedis pulse is absent after surgery?

    <p>Immediately call the provider/surgeon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cholesterol medications (statins) is correct?

    <p>They are typically taken around bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for developing an aneurysm?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm greater than 5.5 cm?

    <p>Perform surgical repair to prevent rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

    <p>A patient with a pacemaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods should be avoided by patients taking anticoagulant medications like warfarin?

    <p>Cranberries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a 4+ pulse?

    <p>It may be accompanied by bulging jugular veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab test is used to confirm a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

    <p>Troponin I or T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method for monitoring an anticoagulant like Coumadin?

    <p>INR (International Normalized Ratio)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended ECG/EKG lead configuration for obtaining the most comprehensive cardiac data?

    <p>12-lead ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by unpredictable chest pain that requires medical intervention?

    <p>Unstable angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate course of action for a patient presenting with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) within 30 minutes?

    <p>Administer thrombolytic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering diuretics in the morning?

    <p>To allow for uninterrupted sleep at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the UNLOAD FAST approach for treating congestive heart failure?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of checking troponin I/T levels?

    <p>To diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of intermittent claudication?

    <p>It is a sign of arteriole disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Mediterranean diet?

    <p>Low-fat dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of checking BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) levels?

    <p>To assess heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for stable angina?

    <p>Nitroglycerin under the tongue and aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should beta-blockers not be prescribed to patients with asthma?

    <p>The quick-acting inhalers won't work due to beta receptor blockade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Furosemide do if potassium levels are already low?

    <p>It drops potassium levels further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended intervention for an aneurysm over 5.5 in diameter?

    <p>Immediate surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are spinach and cranberries mentioned in relation to Coumadin?

    <p>They counteract the anticoagulant effects of Coumadin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Diuretics in the morning?

    <p>To reduce nighttime urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should patients call their doctor regarding weight changes?

    <p>&quot;If excessive weight gain&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cellulitis?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stockings help return venous blood effectively?

    <p>High tension TED stockings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step when encountering a patient with ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Begin CPR immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?

    <p>Atherosclerosis is caused by plaque buildup whereas arteriosclerosis is due to thickening and stiffness of blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does right-sided heart failure differ from left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure involves difficulty pumping blood to the body, while left-sided heart failure affects oxygenation and lung function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key modifiable risk factors contributing to atherosclerosis?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and nicotine use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hypertension increase the risk of stroke in individuals with atherosclerosis?

    <p>Hypertension promotes vessel stiffness, making it easier for clots or plaques to break off and cause strokes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does intermittent claudication play in assessing the vascular system?

    <p>It suggests potential arterial blockages affecting blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do aneurysms, such as aortic dissection, contribute to cardiovascular risks?

    <p>Aneurysms can result in sudden vessel ruptures and serious complications like dissection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab test is used to monitor the risk of kidney damage in patients with muscle breakdown?

    <p>Myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended food in the Mediterranean diet?

    <p>Red meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for checking brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels?

    <p>To assess heart failure risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended mean arterial pressure (MAP) range for adequate kidney perfusion?

    <p>65-100 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of venous insufficiency?

    <p>Lower leg edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension?

    <p>Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom that a patient with confirmed or suspected clot should be cautious about?

    <p>Muscular pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advised to take cholesterol medications (usually ending in STATIN) at bedtime?

    <p>To align with the liver's natural cholesterol production cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why limbs should not be raised above the heart in a patient with arterial disease?

    <p>It may lead to increased strain on the heart and arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of blood thinners in relation to patients undergoing pharmacological management for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

    <p>They may lead to excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is specifically highlighted for its role in inhibiting platelet aggregation and acting as a vasodilator in the management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

    <p>Cilostazol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients with factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, and other conditions be cautious about immobilization?

    <p>Elevated likelihood of clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be indicated by abnormal heart sounds like gallop?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab test is recommended for detecting heart failure?

    <p>BNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using thrombolytics in myocardial infarction (MI) treatment?

    <p>Dissolve blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an inverted T/S wave on an ECG for a patient with unstable angina?

    <p>Sign of unstable angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are thrombolytics recommended to be administered within 30 minutes of myocardial infarction presentation?

    <p>To dissolve blood clots quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with rapid weight gain in right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic is known to cause potassium overload or hyperkalemia?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for a patient with an aneurysm over 5.5 in diameter?

    <p>Immediate surgery intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should beta-blockers not be prescribed to patients with asthma?

    <p>They may make asthma inhalers less effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should diuretics be administered to a patient?

    <p>In the morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended response if a patient presents with ventricular tachycardia and has no pulse?

    <p>Begin CPR immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate course of action if an abdominal aortic aneurysm is 5.0 in diameter?

    <p>No intervention needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods can counteract the effects of Coumadin?

    <p>Spinach and cranberries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of cellulitis?

    <p>Staphylococcus Aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are beta-blockers contraindicated in asthma patients?

    <p>They interfere with asthma inhaler effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of giving Furosemide to a patient with already low potassium levels?

    <p>Potassium levels will decrease further.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the 'UNLOAD FAST' approach for treating congestive heart failure?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension?

    <p>Preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about angioedema, a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors, is correct?

    <p>It can occur randomly, even if the patient has been taking ACE inhibitors for a long time without any side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Mediterranean diet, recommended for cardiovascular health, is correct?

    <p>It is a low-fat diet with a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and olive oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of intermittent claudication?

    <p>It is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lab tests is most useful for detecting myocardial injury in a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>Troponin I/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

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