Cardiovascular Complications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a common symptom of croup due to the narrowed airway?

  • Fever
  • Stridor (correct)
  • Wheezing
  • Coughing

    • What can create the appearance of an hourglass shape to the airway in croup?

  • Narrowing of the subglottic area (correct)
  • Swelling of the trachea
  • Obstruction of the larynx
  • Inflammation of the bronchi

    • What is a recommended treatment to reduce airway inflammation and improve breathing in children with croup?

  • Antihistamines
  • Decongestants
  • Antibiotics
  • Corticosteroids (correct)

    • What was a common cause of acute epiglottitis in the past?

    <p>Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can atelectasis be visualized as on imaging?

    <p>Platelike streaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for endotracheal tube placement above the carina?

    <p>5-7 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of atelectasis treatment?

    <p>Removing secretions and re-expanding the lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause atelectasis?

    <p>Bronchial obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does incorrect placement of the endotracheal tube lead to?

    <p>Uneven ventilation or ineffective ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can pneumothorax cause?

    <p>Partial or complete lung collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of clinical evaluation after endotracheal tube placement?

    <p>Ensuring bilateral breath sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to confirm endotracheal tube placement and detect potential complications?

    <p>Periodic chest X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might require repositioning of endotracheal tubes?

    <p>Various factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pleural effusion result from?

    <p>Various conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may interlobar fissures show due to lobe collapse?

    <p>A bowed contour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the compensation for collapsed lung?

    <p>Elevation of hemidiaphragm and displacement of heart and mediastinal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis?

    <p>CT scan of the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate initial management for acute epiglottitis?

    <p>Intravenous antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical area is commonly affected by intrabronchial foreign bodies in children?

    <p>Right main bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing technical factors in a chest radiograph examination?

    <p>To ensure quality and accuracy of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area on a chest radiograph appears similar in radiographic density due to similar X-ray attenuation?

    <p>Upper retrosternal and retrocardiac areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can make it challenging to distinguish individual ribs and vertebrae on a chest radiograph?

    <p>Superimposition of ribs over vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does atelectasis result in on imaging studies?

    <p>Diminished air and reduced lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is commonly used to visualize airway obstruction and surrounding structures in acute epiglottitis?

    <p>CT scan of the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of clinical correlation in chest radiograph examination?

    <p>To relate imaging findings to patient history and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can open thoracic intervertebral disc spaces indicate on a chest radiograph?

    <p>Vertebral alignment issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using corticosteroids in the treatment of acute epiglottitis?

    <p>To reduce airway inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the lung does atelectasis result in reduced lung volume?

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a localized collection of necrotic tissue and pus in the lung?

    <p>Lung abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatality rate of SARS?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in the filling of airspaces with inflammatory exudate?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of aspiration pneumonia?

    <p>Entry of esophageal or gastric contents into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition refers to the accumulation of a significant amount of blood in the pleural space?

    <p>Hemothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging studies are commonly used to diagnose and assess the extent of hemothorax?

    <p>Chest X-rays and CT scans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic radiographic pattern associated with alveolar pneumonia?

    <p>Patchy infiltrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to complications such as brain abscess?

    <p>Lung abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of bronchopneumonia?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for hemothorax dependent on?

    <p>Severity and underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is caused by the entry of esophageal or gastric contents into the lungs?

    <p>Aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of hemothorax?

    <p>Chest pain and difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of pulmonary infarct?

    <p>Volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Swan-Ganz catheter?

    <p>Monitoring heart function and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant risk factor for developing bronchogenic carcinoma?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a cardiac pacemaker?

    <p>Maintaining cardiac rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to pace failure in a cardiac pacing system?

    <p>Electrode fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of central venous catheter placement?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does infarct refer to?

    <p>Localized area of necrosis within tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)?

    <p>Venous access for long-term use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to challenging outcomes in cases of pulmonary edema?

    <p>Brain involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common complications of infarcts?

    <p>Gangrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is at risk of complications from central venous catheter placement?

    <p>Elderly individuals with atherosclerosis or impaired cardiac function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Swan-Ganz catheter?

    <p>Monitoring heart function and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Difficult Outcomes of Pulmonary Edema and Infarct

    • Pulmonary edema, pericardial effusion, and brain involvement can lead to challenging outcomes.
    • Edema may be associated with ischemia and, in severe cases, necrosis.
    • Infarct refers to a localized area of necrosis within tissue.
    • Myocardial and pulmonary infarcts are the most common.
    • Common causes include volvulus, hernia, and trapped viscera under peritoneal adhesion.
    • Complications of infarcts can lead to gangrene.
    • Elderly individuals with atherosclerosis or impaired cardiac function are at risk.
    • Trigger events can include surgical procedures or delivery.
    • Central venous catheter placement measures central venous pressure and serves as a portal for fluid infusion.
    • Potential risks of placement include arrhythmias, perforation, pneumothorax, and air embolism.
    • PICC is a type of venous access device designed for long-term use, often for chemotherapy.
    • Swan-Ganz catheters monitor heart function and blood flow, and can be used to direct medications into the heart.

    Cardiac Pacemaker and Pathophysiology

    • Cardiac pacemakers maintain cardiac rhythm using an electrode placed in the right ventricle apex or coronary sinus.
    • Electrode fracture can lead to pace failure, compromising the effectiveness of the cardiac pacing system.
    • Thrombo-embolic fragments can lodge in the main pulmonary artery, leading to decreased cardiac output and potentially death.
    • Pulmonary embolism can result in pulmonary infarction and respiratory distress.
    • Bronchogenic carcinoma is primary lung cancer that originates from the mucosa of the bronchial tree.
    • The most significant risk factor for developing bronchogenic carcinoma is smoking.
    • Metastasis can occur via blood and lymphatics to sites including bones, liver, brain, adrenals, and kidneys.
    • The lungs are a common site for metastasis from primary neoplasms in various organs, including the breast, esophagus, and stomach.
    • Approximately one-third of patients with cancer develop pulmonary metastases.
    • Pulmonary metastases can occur from primary neoplasms in various organ systems and can spread through blood and lymphatics.
    • The patterns of metastases on chest imaging vary according to the primary site of the cancer.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of challenging outcomes related to pulmonary edema, infarcts, cardiac pacemakers, and pathophysiology with this quiz. Explore topics such as complications of infarcts, cardiac rhythm maintenance, and pulmonary metastases.

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