Cardiovascular Biology Overview

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Questions and Answers

How does increased blood volume affect blood pressure?

It only affects blood flow rate.

It increases blood pressure. (correct)

It has no effect on blood pressure.

It decreases blood pressure.

What is the primary function of the kidneys in relation to blood pressure?

To regulate heart rate.

To increase blood volume.

To produce hormones that elevate blood pressure.

To minimize fluid loss and maintain blood pressure. (correct)

What is reactive hyperemia?

The narrowing of blood vessels.

Constant blood flow regardless of conditions.

A decrease in blood flow due to exercise.

Increased blood flow after a period of reduced blood flow. (correct)

What do fenestrated capillaries allow that continuous capillaries do not?

High volumes of fluids to pass through. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the baroreceptor reflex when blood pressure decreases?

Sympathetic activity increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is directly associated with edema?

Insufficient heart pump function. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the blood flow velocity as blood moves through capillaries compared to arteries?

It is significantly slower. Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure is defined by the presence of plasma proteins in blood?

Oncotic pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased carbon dioxide levels have on parasympathetic stimulation of the heart?

It decreases parasympathetic stimulation. Signup and view all the answers

What drug might help a person suffering from hypertension?

A drug that blocks beta receptors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for blood pressure measurement such as 120/80?

It indicates pressure in the major arteries during ventricular systole and diastole. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels are primarily responsible for variable resistance in the circulatory system?

Arterioles Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the systolic phase of the heartbeat?

Blood pressure increases and stress on arterial walls rises. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the unique feature of capillaries compared to other blood vessels?

Only capillaries allow exchange between blood and interstitial fluids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the growth of new blood vessels?

Angiogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to arterial blood pressure if cardiac output increases and arteriolar resistance remains constant?

Arterial blood pressure increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can cause an increase in blood pressure?

A decrease in arterial diameter and increased arterial resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure called that regulates the permeability in blood vessels?

Pericytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between arterioles and metarterioles?

Arterioles have a continuous smooth muscle layer in their walls. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not found in the walls of capillaries?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vasovagal Syncope (Fainting)

Syncope is another name for fainting, which is also known as vasovagal syncope.

Blood Vessel Structure & Function

Arteries act as pressure reservoirs in the cardiovascular system.
Endothelium is the inner lining of blood vessels.
Smooth muscle is found in vessel walls except capillaries.
Pericytes are highly branched, contractile cells that regulate permeability.
Arterioles have a continuous smooth muscle layer in their walls, unlike metarterioles.
Venules and capillaries permit exchange between blood and interstitial fluid.
Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels.
Angiostatin and endostatin may treat some cancers.

Blood Pressure & Regulation

Blood pressure (e.g., 120/80) reflects arterial pressure during ventricular systole and diastole.
Systole involves increased blood pressure and stress on arterial walls.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the driving force for blood flow.
Blood flow increases with higher tissue CO2 levels.
Blood pressure measures blood force in a vessel.
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.
Factors increasing blood pressure include sympathetic stimulation, decreased arterial diameter, and increased resistance.
Arterioles are the main variable resistance vessels, contributing significantly to overall resistance (over 60%).
Increased cardiac output (with no change in arteriolar resistance) leads to increased blood pressure.
Increased blood volume increases blood pressure.
The kidney, while not part of the cardiovascular system, is critical in blood pressure regulation.
Local control of blood flow matches it to tissue metabolism.
Myogenic autoregulation describes reflexive constriction of stretched smooth muscle in blood vessels.
Calcium ions (Ca2+) do not cause vasodilation.
Reactive hyperemia involves increased flow after reduced flow, triggered by local paracrine accumulation.
Preeclampsia is elevated blood pressure during pregnancy.
Vasodilation of most vascular smooth muscles is caused by reducing sympathetic stimulation.
Fenestrated capillaries have higher permeability (fluid passage) than continuous capillaries, which have selective permeability.
Sinusoids replace capillaries in some tissues.
Capillary blood flow is significantly slower than arterial flow.
Net filtration occurs at the arteriolar end of most capillaries, followed by net absorption at the venous end.
The lymphatic system returns lost capillary fluid to the circulatory system.
Oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure is osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins.
The medulla oblongata controls blood pressure.
When blood pressure decreases, baroreceptors reduce firing rate.
A drop in blood pressure triggers the baroreceptor reflex, increasing sympathetic activity and cardiac output.
Bedridden individuals may have a weak baroreceptor reflex upon standing due to reduced blood volume.
Hypertension diagnosis occurs with systolic pressure above 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg.
Compensation for low blood volume involves increased sympathetic stimulation, water intake, and sympathetic activation of the heart.
Fenestrated capillaries are found in the liver.
Kidneys minimize fluid loss and maintain blood pressure through a balance of blood volume.
The cardiovascular control center in the brain directly controls arteriolar dilation/constriction and heart rate.
Edema occurs when the heart is an insufficient pump.
Increased blood CO2 results in reduced parasympathetic heart stimulation.
Drugs blocking beta receptors in cardiac muscle might treat hypertension.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in cardiovascular biology, including vasovagal syncope, blood vessel structure, and blood pressure regulation. Test your knowledge on how blood vessels function and their role in the human circulatory system.