Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Basics
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of performing CPR?

  • To provide oxygenated blood to the brain and vital organs (correct)
  • To maintain body temperature
  • To restore breathing to the patient
  • To shock the heart back into rhythm

    • What should be the first action taken before giving CPR?

  • Perform rescue breathing
  • Start chest compressions immediately
  • Check if the person is responsive (correct)
  • Call for emergency services

    • What indicates that CPR should be initiated?

  • The victim is conscious but in pain
  • The victim is unresponsive and shows no pulse (correct)
  • The victim is breathing irregularly
  • The victim is gasping for air but has a pulse

    • How long should a rescuer take to check for a pulse before starting CPR?

    <p>No more than 10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended sequence for CPR known as?

    <p>C-A-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions should be taken if an AED is available?

    <p>Apply the AED as soon as the chest is clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of a child in need of CPR, how should compressions be performed?

    <p>With one hand on the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration without oxygen before brain damage starts to occur?

    <p>4 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver in CPR?

    <p>To open the airway and clear the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chest compressions are performed in one complete CPR cycle?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using mouth-to-mouth breathing, what should be done before delivering the first breath?

    <p>Pinch the person's nose to close it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario should CPR not be continued?

    <p>An AED is available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after delivering one shock with an AED?

    <p>Resume CPR for two minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compression to breath ratio when two rescuers are performing CPR on an adult?

    <p>30:2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an AED do in the event of sudden cardiac arrest?

    <p>Analyzes heart rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended technique when mouth-to-nose breathing is used?

    <p>Pinch the mouth closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact on a sudden cardiac arrest victim's chance of survival for each minute that defibrillation is delayed?

    <p>Reduces by approximately 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct placement of AED pads for an adult?

    <p>One pad on the right collarbone and the other on the lower ribcage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in using an AED?

    <p>Apply the AED pads to a clothed chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if the victim of a cardiac arrest is submerged in water?

    <p>Remove them from the water and dry their chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In performing Child CPR, which of the following is an essential initial step?

    <p>Check for responsiveness and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can a child go without oxygen before permanent brain damage may occur?

    <p>4 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about AEDs is true?

    <p>AEDs can analyze heart rhythm and determine the need for a shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important action to take before applying AED pads?

    <p>Ensure the chest is bare and dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

    • CPR is an emergency procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
    • Permanent brain damage begins after only 4 minutes without oxygen, and death can occur as soon as 4 to 6 minutes later.
    • The main purpose of CPR is to:
      • Provide oxygenated blood to the brain and vital organs by compression, until hearty rate is restored.
      • Provide breathing that provides oxygen to the lungs.
      • Provide life support until medical support arrives.

    Before Giving CPR

    • Check: The scene and make sure the scene is safe. Check if bystanders are available to help, look for more than one victim. Check the responsiveness of the victim by tapping the person on the shoulder and shouting "Are you OK?". Check for breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds.
    • Call: 123 for assistance and get an AED (automated external defibrillator) if available.
    • Care: Start CPR (C-A-B) if no breathing (only gasping, no pulse).

    Adult CPR

    • Check: The rescuer should not take more than 10 seconds to check for pulse.
    • Airway: Open the airway using the Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. This will open the airway & will move the tongue away from the back of the throat.
    • Breathing: Rescue breath.
      • One CPR cycle= 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
      • Mouth to mouth breathing or Mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened.

    Mouth-to-Mouth Breathing

    • With the airway open, pinch the person's nose to close it.
    • Seal your mouth over the patient’s mouth and blow steadily and firmly into his mouth for about 1 second and watch to see if the chest rises.
    • If the chest rises, give a second breath.
    • If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath.
    • Resume chest compressions to restore blood flow.
    • Continue CPR 5 cycles are completed.
    • If the person has not begun moving, administer one shock using an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available, apply it and follow the prompts.
    • Give one shock, then resume chest compressions for two more minutes before giving a second shock.

    Two Person Adult CPR

    • Conduct 30 compressions followed by two breaths (30:2)

    Continue CPR Until…

    • You find an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.
    • An AED is ready to use.
    • Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over.
    • You are too exhausted to continue.
    • The scene becomes unsafe.

    Use of Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

    • AED is a small, portable computerized device that is simple to operate. It can save the life of someone having sudden cardiac arrest, when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.
    • For every minute that defibrillation is delayed, the chance of survival of a sudden cardiac arrest victim is reduced by about 10%.
    • AEDs use computers to automatically analyze the heart rhythm and determine if shock is needed.
    • An AED uses an electric shock to deliver a sudden life-saving shock to the heart of the victim in order to help the heart return to its normal rhythm.
    • AEDs can be used for adults, as well as for children and infants.
    • AEDs are safe, accurate, and easy to use.

    Placement of AED Pads

    • For an adult, one pad will be applied on the right side of the chest just below the collarbone. The other on the left side of the lower ribcage.
    • For a child or a baby, one pad will be placed in the centre of the chest and the other in the centre of the back.

    Steps of Using AED

    • Turn on the AED.
    • Prepare the patient's chest area bare and dry.
    • Quickly apply the AED pads.
    • Make sure no one is, including the rescuer, is touching the person.
    • Deliver the shock, if advised.
    • Once the shock has been delivered, the AED will prompt you to begin CPR.
    • Begin CPR immediately and continue until the AED tells you to stop.

    AED on Someone Submerged in Water

    • Remove the victim from the water.
    • Remove wet clothing.
    • Ensure the chest is dry.

    Child CPR (1 year to adult)

    • CPR involves:
      • Chest compressions
      • Rescue breathing

    Before Giving Child CPR

    • Check: The scene for safety, responsiveness of the casuality. Check for pulse and breathing, listen carefully, for no more than 10 seconds, for sounds of breathing.
    • Call: 123 (local emergency line)
    • Care: Open the airway.

    Performing Child CPR

    • Place the child on his or her back on a firm surface.
    • Kneel beside the child.
    • Place the heel of one hand on the center of the child's chest, between the nipples.
    • Place your other hand on top of the first hand.
    • Interlock your fingers.
    • Keep your elbows straight.
    • Lean forward and press down on the chest about 2 inches deep.
    • Release the pressure completely after each compression.
    • Give compressions at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute.
    • After 30 compressions, give two breaths.
    • Tilt the chin upward and give two breaths.
    • Each breath should last about 1 second.
    • Watch to see if the chest rises.
    • Continue compressions and breaths until the child starts to breathe again.
    • If there are two rescuers. One person gives compressions, the other gives breaths.

    Important Note

    • Time is very important when dealing with an unconscious child who is not breathing. Permanent brain damage begins after only 4 minutes without oxygen, and death can occur as soon as 4 to 6 minutes later.

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    Related Documents

    First Aid (PHMU 702) Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential steps and importance of CPR in emergency situations. Learn how to assess a victim, perform CPR effectively, and the critical timeframes for intervention. Test your knowledge on life-saving techniques and emergency responses.

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