16 Questions
What is the function of the conducting zone in the lungs?
Air is moved in and out of the lung through this zone
What is the orientation of the right main bronchus compared to the left main bronchus?
More vertical
Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone?
Lingula
What is the term for the space in the lungs where gas exchange does not occur?
Anatomical dead space
What is the name of the lower airways where gas exchange occurs?
Respiratory zone
Which of the following is a part of the upper airways?
Larynx
What is the consequence of the right main bronchus's more vertical orientation?
Increased risk of aspiration
What is the term for the space in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?
Respiratory zone
What is the primary function of the diaphragm in ventilation?
Contracting to expand the thorax
What is the purpose of the pleural fluid in the respiratory system?
To lubricate the movement of the lungs
What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?
Ventilation is air movement, while respiration is gas exchange
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
760 mmHg
What is the result of the thorax expanding during inspiration?
The pressure in the lungs decreases
What is the term for the movement of the thorax during inspiration when the ribs move outward and upward?
Bucket handle
How many true ribs are there in the human body?
7
What is the purpose of the sternum and ribs in the respiratory system?
To provide a bony framework for ventilation
Study Notes
Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology
- Objectives: Describe the anatomy and physiology of the heart, lungs, and respiratory and circulatory systems, and the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory function.
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system is comprised of a pump (bony thorax and muscles of ventilation) and a ventilation and gas exchange organ (lungs).
- The pump includes the bony thorax, muscles of ventilation, and the pleura.
Bony Thorax
- The bony thorax consists of the sternum and ribs.
- There are 7 true ribs, 3-5 false ribs, and 11-12 floating ribs.
Muscles of Ventilation
- Inspiration (inhalation) muscles:
- Diaphragm (primary)
- External intercostals
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalenes
- Trapezius
- Expiration (exhalation) muscles:
- Abdominal muscles
- Internal intercostals
Respiratory System - Pump
- The pleura consists of parietal and visceral layers, with a pleural space (cavity) containing pleural fluid.
Ventilation
- Ventilation occurs due to a pressure gradient, with air moving from high to low pressure.
- Atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg.
- Inspiration occurs when the inspiratory muscles contract, relieving compression on the lungs and increasing lung volume.
Ventilation - Inspiration
- Anterior-posterior thorax expansion occurs due to the "pump handle" effect.
- Lateral thorax expansion occurs due to the "bucket handle" effect.
- Inferior expansion occurs due to the diaphragm contracting and flattening.
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
- The trachea divides into the right and left main bronchi.
- The right main bronchus is more vertical, increasing the risk of aspiration.
- The lungs are divided into upper and lower lobes, with the apices, bases, and lingula.
Ventilation and Gas Exchange Organ
- The conducting zone is responsible for ventilation, with larger upper airways moving air in and out of the lung.
- The respiratory zone is responsible for gas exchange, with smaller lower airways where gas exchange occurs.
- The conducting zone includes the pharynx, larynx, trachea, right and left bronchi.
This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology of the heart, lungs, and respiratory and circulatory system, and the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory function.
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