Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the conducting zone in the lungs?

  • Gas exchange occurs in this zone
  • Carbon dioxide is produced in this zone
  • Air is moved in and out of the lung through this zone (correct)
  • Oxygen is stored in this zone

    • What is the orientation of the right main bronchus compared to the left main bronchus?

  • More vertical (correct)
  • Varies from person to person
  • More horizontal
  • Same orientation

    • Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone?

  • Pharynx
  • Lingula (correct)
  • Trachea
  • Larynx

    • What is the term for the space in the lungs where gas exchange does not occur?

    <p>Anatomical dead space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the lower airways where gas exchange occurs?

    <p>Respiratory zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a part of the upper airways?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the right main bronchus's more vertical orientation?

    <p>Increased risk of aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the space in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?

    <p>Respiratory zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm in ventilation?

    <p>Contracting to expand the thorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pleural fluid in the respiratory system?

    <p>To lubricate the movement of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?

    <p>Ventilation is air movement, while respiration is gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

    <p>760 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the thorax expanding during inspiration?

    <p>The pressure in the lungs decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of the thorax during inspiration when the ribs move outward and upward?

    <p>Bucket handle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many true ribs are there in the human body?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sternum and ribs in the respiratory system?

    <p>To provide a bony framework for ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology

    • Objectives: Describe the anatomy and physiology of the heart, lungs, and respiratory and circulatory systems, and the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory function.

    Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system is comprised of a pump (bony thorax and muscles of ventilation) and a ventilation and gas exchange organ (lungs).
    • The pump includes the bony thorax, muscles of ventilation, and the pleura.

    Bony Thorax

    • The bony thorax consists of the sternum and ribs.
    • There are 7 true ribs, 3-5 false ribs, and 11-12 floating ribs.

    Muscles of Ventilation

    • Inspiration (inhalation) muscles:
      • Diaphragm (primary)
      • External intercostals
      • Sternocleidomastoid
      • Scalenes
      • Trapezius
    • Expiration (exhalation) muscles:
      • Abdominal muscles
      • Internal intercostals

    Respiratory System - Pump

    • The pleura consists of parietal and visceral layers, with a pleural space (cavity) containing pleural fluid.

    Ventilation

    • Ventilation occurs due to a pressure gradient, with air moving from high to low pressure.
    • Atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg.
    • Inspiration occurs when the inspiratory muscles contract, relieving compression on the lungs and increasing lung volume.

    Ventilation - Inspiration

    • Anterior-posterior thorax expansion occurs due to the "pump handle" effect.
    • Lateral thorax expansion occurs due to the "bucket handle" effect.
    • Inferior expansion occurs due to the diaphragm contracting and flattening.

    Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

    • The trachea divides into the right and left main bronchi.
    • The right main bronchus is more vertical, increasing the risk of aspiration.
    • The lungs are divided into upper and lower lobes, with the apices, bases, and lingula.

    Ventilation and Gas Exchange Organ

    • The conducting zone is responsible for ventilation, with larger upper airways moving air in and out of the lung.
    • The respiratory zone is responsible for gas exchange, with smaller lower airways where gas exchange occurs.
    • The conducting zone includes the pharynx, larynx, trachea, right and left bronchi.

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 1 - Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology of the heart, lungs, and respiratory and circulatory system, and the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory function.

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