Cardiomyopathies and Heart Transplant Overview
38 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the gold standard for evaluating transplant rejection?

  • Coronary angiogram
  • Echocardiography
  • Dobutamine stress echocardiography
  • Endomyocardial biopsy (correct)

    • Which of the following is a common finding on ECG in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?

  • Lateral ST segment elevation
  • Double 'P' wave (correct)
  • Right axis deviation
  • Bifid P waves

    • What is the typical timeframe of highest rejection risk after a heart transplant?

  • 1 month
  • 1 year
  • 6 months
  • 3 months (correct)

    • Which finding is considered an early sign of transplant rejection?

    <p>Increased wall thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication associated with heart transplant patients?

    <p>Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical change occurs in the bicaval anastomosis heart transplant technique?

    <p>Entire right atrium removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormality is typically observed in diastolic function in transplant patients?

    <p>Diastolic dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'noncompaction' refer to in cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Alteration in endomyocardial trabeculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common procedure performed annually in a heart transplant patient after the first year?

    <p>Coronary angiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structural components of noncompaction cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Two layers: thin compact myocardium and thicker noncompacted layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary area affected by noncompaction?

    <p>Mid-lateral and apical areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Hypertrophied myofibrils in chaotic disarray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging method can assist in diagnosing noncompaction?

    <p>Color Doppler and contrast echo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) related to sudden cardiac death in young people?

    <p>It is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes asymmetrical hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

    <p>The septum is thicker than other walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for heart failure due to noncompaction?

    <p>Treatment for congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the function of M-mode echocardiography in diagnosing asymmetric septal hypertrophy?

    <p>It documents the thickness ratio of the septum to the posterior wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can hypertrophic cardiomyopathy lead to obstruction of blood outflow?

    <p>Thickened walls at specific locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an end-systolic ratio of NC/C layers greater than 2 indicate in noncompaction?

    <p>Presence of noncompacted myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is obstruction due to anterior motion of the mitral valve most likely?

    <p>Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to the formation of whorled structures in myocardium?

    <p>Hypertrophic myofibrils in chaotic disarray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to ventricular fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Electrically unstable myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible result of the Venturi effect in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Low pressure zones that draw the mitral valve apparatus forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indicator of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?

    <p>LVOT gradient of at least 30 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the Valsalva maneuver?

    <p>Momentary stop of venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do maneuvers that increase contractility have on HOCM?

    <p>They can unmask a hidden gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes dynamic obstruction in HOCM from fixed obstruction?

    <p>Dynamic obstruction has variability in gradients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding associated with HOCM?

    <p>Obstructive mitral valve systolic anterior motion (SAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) in HOCM be assessed?

    <p>Based on the anterior leaflet SAM degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method may not effectively demonstrate dynamic gradients in HOCM?

    <p>Resting echocardiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term risk associated with alcohol septal ablation?

    <p>Development of arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic approach for severe symptoms in HOCM patients not responding to medications?

    <p>Surgical myectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the distinction between obstructive and nonobstructive forms of HCM?

    <p>The presence of an LV outflow gradient is critical for differentiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical characteristic is commonly noted in patients with apical hypertrophy?

    <p>Markedly diminished apical cavity with spade-shaped configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beta blockers in the treatment of HOCM?

    <p>They reduce the force of contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is most effective for tracking ejection velocities and obstruction location in HOCM?

    <p>Echo Doppler studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In HOCM, what does the term 'hyperdynamic function' refer to?

    <p>Increased ejection fraction despite heart failure symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of using dual-chamber pacing in the management of HOCM?

    <p>Limited evidence of improved hemodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy

    • Heart transplant is a treatment option
    • Evaluation for rejection is crucial
    • 2D and Doppler echocardiography are used for assessment

    Heart Transplant

    • Biatrial anastomosis is part of the procedure
    • Associated risks include arrhythmias, tricuspid valve dysfunction, and thrombus formation
    • Echo findings of rejection may include increased wall thickness
    • Annual coronary angiograms are common post-transplant
    • Echocardiograms are typically done every 6 months
    • Blood work every 2-3 months

    Ventricular Noncompaction

    • Unclassified cardiomyopathy
    • Myocardial structure is altered, with two layers.
    • The compacted layer is thin, and the noncompacted layer is thick

    Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

    • Heart muscle thickens without increased afterload
    • Can be obstructive or non-obstructive
    • Family history is significant, with recurrent syncope and sudden cardiac death potential
    • Younger individuals may have a more severe form
    • Often asymmetric, with the septum thicker than other walls
    • Obstructive myopathy is characterized by outflow obstruction, typically dynamic
    • Diagnosis involves echo, demonstrating thickening, and abnormal septal motion (SAM)
    • Treatment options include medical therapy, pacemakers, alcohol septal ablation, or myectomy. Key clinical signs and symptoms should be considered.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Cardiomyopathies 2025 - Part 2 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various types of cardiomyopathies, including dilated, hypertrophic, and noncompaction types, as well as treatment options like heart transplant. Explore key diagnostic tools, management strategies, and complications associated with these conditions. Test your knowledge on echocardiography, surgical techniques, and patient care post-transplant.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser