Cardiology: Heart functions and treatments

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle.

Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.

A syndrome where the heart's ability to pump blood is compromised, and cardiac output fails to meet the body's needs.

The innermost layer of the heart, lining the chambers and valves.

It inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of clot formation and improving blood flow in myocardial ischemia.

Unstable angina can occur at rest, while stable angina typically occurs during exertion.

A drug used in cardiac arrest resuscitation that stimulates both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) * Heart Rate (HR)

The ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum.

The heart (central pump) and the network of peripheral blood vessels.

The heart receives its nutrients from the coronary arteries.

During stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system becomes dominant, increasing heart rate and contractility.

The pressure in the ventricles at the end of diastole (filling).

A triangle formed by leads I, II, and III in electrocardiography.

Patients with a history of CHF presenting with respiratory distress, a respiratory rate of 32, and SPO2 of 88% should be treated with CPAP.

In cardiac arrest, circulation has priority over breathing.

The most common complication of myocardial infarction is arrhythmias.

Muscle tremors, shivering, and loose electrodes can cause deflections on the ECG called artifacts.

The AV node's intrinsic discharge rate is 40-60 beats per minute.

Angina pectoris results from underlying coronary artery disease.

After blood circulates through the lungs and becomes oxygenated, it returns to the heart by way of the pulmonary veins.

The P wave corresponds to atrial depolarization.

A prolonged PR interval indicates a delay in the AV node.

The time in the cardiac cycle when a strong stimulus may produce depolarization is called the relative refractory period.

Dysrhythmias that originate in the SA node include sinus tachycardia.

Movement of electrical current away from the positive electrode of the ECG will result in a negative deflection.

In lead II, the negative electrode is placed on the right arm, and the positive electrode is placed on the left leg.

Regular rhythm, rate of 160, Upright T waves, Upright PRI, narrow QRS

Slightly irregular, rate of 120, P waves- sawtooth, no PRI, narrow QRS