Cardiac 3
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Questions and Answers

What are the three conditions that Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) consists of?

  • ST elevated MI, Non-ST elevated MI, Unstable Angina (correct)
  • Unstable Angina, Ejection Fraction, Non-ST elevated MI
  • Troponin, Creatine Kinase, Myoglobin
  • ST elevated MI, Stable Angina, Myocardial Infarction

    • Which cardiac biomarker is considered less reliable than Troponin in diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

  • Creatine Kinase - MB (correct)
  • Myoglobin
  • Troponin
  • Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

    • What does an elevated Troponin level indicate in a patient with ACS?

  • Normal heart function
  • Having or had an acute MI (correct)
  • Injury to the heart
  • High risk of heart failure

    • Which intervention is recommended for a patient experiencing ACS to reduce the workload on the heart?

    <p>Bed rest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In heart failure, what are the general signs and symptoms associated with inadequate tissue perfusion?

    <p>Fluid overload (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Systolic Heart Failure?

    <p>Ejection fraction is reduced (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) for adequate vital organ perfusion?

    <p>&gt; 65 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy post MI should be started at least within 24 hours according to the text?

    <p>Beta blocker therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked every 8 hours for a patient with ACS?

    <p>Biomarkers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak time for Creatine Kinase - MB (CK-MB)?

    <p>24 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of reducing the effects of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Improve oxygen saturation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cardiogenic shock, if a patient is hypotensive, what intervention would be appropriate?

    <p>Increase afterload with vasopressors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to support left ventricle function by lowering pressure and volume?

    <p>Dobutamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using nitrates in managing cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Lower afterload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) assist in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Augmenting blood supply to the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Left Ventricular Assistive Device (LVAD) in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Help the heart pump oxygenated blood to the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Impella Device support cardiac function?

    <p>By pushing blood into the aorta from the left ventricle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication?

    <p>'Lysing RBCs' resulting in pink or blood-tinged urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hemodynamics' monitoring in cardiogenic shock involves measuring all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>'Brain electrical activity' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of anticoagulation therapy in patients with ECMO devices?

    <p>To avoid clot formation within the device (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the amount of blood returned to the right side of the heart after relaxation?

    <p>Preload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Diastolic Heart Failure, what is the state of the Ejection Fraction?

    <p>Normal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biggest reason patients switch from ACE inhibitors to ARBs?

    <p>ACE cough (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Betablockers in Heart Failure management?

    <p>Reduce stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a potent vasodilator used in IV infusions for heart failure?

    <p>Niapride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be drawn within 24 hours when administering Niapride due to the risk of toxicity?

    <p>Cyanide levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition does flash pulmonary edema occur?

    <p>Acute Left Ventricular Failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HOB elevated positioning is recommended for patients with which condition?

    <p><strong>Pulmonary Edema</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiogenic shock primarily leads to what physiological issue?

    <p><strong>Hypoperfusion</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP) serves as a diagnostic marker for which condition?

    <p><strong>Heart Failure</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse do if the patient sits up after zeroing out the arterial line?

    <p>Zero out the line again (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

    <p>$2-6$ mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain wedge pressures when a Swan Ganz catheter is in place?

    <p>To prevent air entry and PA infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is typically performed prior to inserting Pulmonary Artery Catheter or Arterial lines to assess blood flow?

    <p>Allen Test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) is high, what type of medication might be administered?

    <p>Vasodilators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapeutic hypothermia in a patient after cardiac arrest?

    <p>To prevent brain damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should potassium intake be closely monitored in a patient transitioning to the warm phase after therapeutic hypothermia?

    <p>To avoid hyperkalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a nurse compare arterial line BP to cuff BP according to the text?

    <p>$2$ times per shift (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of perfusion can nurses assess using Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

    <p>$CO &amp; SVR$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total duration of therapeutic hypothermia treatment, including warm-up?

    <p>24 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the goal of reducing the effects of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Reduce cardiac workload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is hypotensive in cardiogenic shock, what intervention would be appropriate according to the text?

    <p>Increase afterload with vasopressors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to relieve excess preload in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Isotonic fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Augment blood supply to the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of utilizing an Impella Device in cardiac care?

    <p>Enhance left ventricular function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cardiogenic shock, what intervention should be considered if afterload is too high?

    <p>Start nitrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked every 8 hours for a patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?

    <p><em>Troponin</em> levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication according to the text?

    <p><em>Decreased pump flow</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP)' serves as a diagnostic marker for which condition?

    <p><em>Heart Failure</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hemodynamics' monitoring in cardiogenic shock involves measuring all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p><em>Cardiac output</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing arterial line BP to cuff BP at least once a shift?

    <p>To ensure accurate blood pressure readings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for withdrawing air and locking the Swan Ganz catheter when not in use?

    <p>To prevent PA infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In therapeutic hypothermia, why should potassium intake be monitored closely as the body transitions to the warm phase?

    <p>To prevent hyperkalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is typically performed prior to inserting Pulmonary Artery Catheter or Arterial lines to assess blood flow?

    <p>Allen Test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention is appropriate if a patient experiences cardiac arrest due to an electrical event accompanied by respiratory arrest?

    <p>Performing CPR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Systolic Heart Failure?

    <p>Decreased ejection fraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

    <p>$2-6$ mmHg or $2-8$ mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication?

    <p>Hemolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Troponin in diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?

    <p>Confirms the presence or history of an acute MI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), what does the acronym MONA B stand for?

    <p>Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin, Beta blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Creatine Kinase - MB (CK-MB) in diagnosing ACS?

    <p>Peaks at 24 hours post MI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Myoglobin considered less specific compared to other cardiac biomarkers in diagnosing ACS?

    <p>Not a specific indicator to rule out MI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the nursing interventions recommended for patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) related to oxygen therapy?

    <p>Decrease O2 to keep respiratory function optimal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with Systolic Heart Failure, what characterizes the condition?

    <p>The ventricle fails to eject blood properly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering Beta blockers post Myocardial Infarction (MI)?

    <p>Reduce the workload on the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked at regular intervals for patients with Heart Failure?

    <p>Biomarkers every 8 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Betablockers in Heart Failure management?

    <p>Decrease stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapeutic hypothermia in a patient after cardiac arrest?

    <p>To reduce myocardial oxygen demand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a potent vasodilator used in IV infusions for heart failure?

    <p>Nitroglycerin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should potassium intake be closely monitored in a patient transitioning to the warm phase after therapeutic hypothermia?

    <p>To prevent hyperkalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Systolic Heart Failure?

    <p>Preserved Ejection Fraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication?

    <p>Cardiac tamponade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hemodynamics' monitoring in cardiogenic shock involves measuring all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>Respiratory rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP)' serves as a diagnostic marker for which condition?

    <p><strong>Heart Failure</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Impella Device' supports cardiac function by:

    <p><strong>Decreasing afterload</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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