75 Questions
What are the three conditions that Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) consists of?
ST elevated MI, Non-ST elevated MI, Unstable Angina
Which cardiac biomarker is considered less reliable than Troponin in diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?
Creatine Kinase - MB
What does an elevated Troponin level indicate in a patient with ACS?
Having or had an acute MI
Which intervention is recommended for a patient experiencing ACS to reduce the workload on the heart?
Bed rest
In heart failure, what are the general signs and symptoms associated with inadequate tissue perfusion?
Fluid overload
What characterizes Systolic Heart Failure?
Ejection fraction is reduced
What is the recommended MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) for adequate vital organ perfusion?
> 65 mmHg
Which therapy post MI should be started at least within 24 hours according to the text?
Beta blocker therapy
What should be checked every 8 hours for a patient with ACS?
Biomarkers
What is the peak time for Creatine Kinase - MB (CK-MB)?
24 hours
What is the main goal of reducing the effects of cardiogenic shock?
Improve oxygen saturation
In cardiogenic shock, if a patient is hypotensive, what intervention would be appropriate?
Increase afterload with vasopressors
Which medication is used to support left ventricle function by lowering pressure and volume?
Dobutamine
What is the primary purpose of using nitrates in managing cardiogenic shock?
Lower afterload
How does an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) assist in cardiogenic shock?
Augmenting blood supply to the heart
What is the purpose of a Left Ventricular Assistive Device (LVAD) in cardiogenic shock?
Help the heart pump oxygenated blood to the body
How does the Impella Device support cardiac function?
By pushing blood into the aorta from the left ventricle
'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication?
'Lysing RBCs' resulting in pink or blood-tinged urine
'Hemodynamics' monitoring in cardiogenic shock involves measuring all of the following EXCEPT:
'Brain electrical activity'
What is the main goal of anticoagulation therapy in patients with ECMO devices?
To avoid clot formation within the device
Which term refers to the amount of blood returned to the right side of the heart after relaxation?
Preload
In Diastolic Heart Failure, what is the state of the Ejection Fraction?
Normal
What is the biggest reason patients switch from ACE inhibitors to ARBs?
ACE cough
What is the primary function of Betablockers in Heart Failure management?
Reduce stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Which medication is a potent vasodilator used in IV infusions for heart failure?
Niapride
What should be drawn within 24 hours when administering Niapride due to the risk of toxicity?
Cyanide levels
In what condition does flash pulmonary edema occur?
Acute Left Ventricular Failure
HOB elevated positioning is recommended for patients with which condition?
Pulmonary Edema
Cardiogenic shock primarily leads to what physiological issue?
Hypoperfusion
Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP) serves as a diagnostic marker for which condition?
Heart Failure
What should a nurse do if the patient sits up after zeroing out the arterial line?
Zero out the line again
What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?
$2-6$ mmHg
Why is it important to maintain wedge pressures when a Swan Ganz catheter is in place?
To prevent air entry and PA infarction
What test is typically performed prior to inserting Pulmonary Artery Catheter or Arterial lines to assess blood flow?
Allen Test
If Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) is high, what type of medication might be administered?
Vasodilators
What is the primary goal of therapeutic hypothermia in a patient after cardiac arrest?
To prevent brain damage
Why should potassium intake be closely monitored in a patient transitioning to the warm phase after therapeutic hypothermia?
To avoid hyperkalemia
When should a nurse compare arterial line BP to cuff BP according to the text?
$2$ times per shift
What area of perfusion can nurses assess using Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
$CO & SVR$
What is the total duration of therapeutic hypothermia treatment, including warm-up?
24 hours
What should be the goal of reducing the effects of cardiogenic shock?
Reduce cardiac workload
If a patient is hypotensive in cardiogenic shock, what intervention would be appropriate according to the text?
Increase afterload with vasopressors
Which medication is used to relieve excess preload in cardiogenic shock?
Isotonic fluids
What is the primary purpose of using an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) in cardiogenic shock?
Augment blood supply to the heart
What is the main goal of utilizing an Impella Device in cardiac care?
Enhance left ventricular function
In cardiogenic shock, what intervention should be considered if afterload is too high?
Start nitrates
What should be checked every 8 hours for a patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
Troponin levels
'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication according to the text?
Decreased pump flow
'Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP)' serves as a diagnostic marker for which condition?
Heart Failure
'Hemodynamics' monitoring in cardiogenic shock involves measuring all of the following EXCEPT:
Cardiac output
What is the purpose of comparing arterial line BP to cuff BP at least once a shift?
To ensure accurate blood pressure readings
What is the primary reason for withdrawing air and locking the Swan Ganz catheter when not in use?
To prevent PA infarction
In therapeutic hypothermia, why should potassium intake be monitored closely as the body transitions to the warm phase?
To prevent hyperkalemia
What test is typically performed prior to inserting Pulmonary Artery Catheter or Arterial lines to assess blood flow?
Allen Test
What intervention is appropriate if a patient experiences cardiac arrest due to an electrical event accompanied by respiratory arrest?
Performing CPR
What characterizes Systolic Heart Failure?
Decreased ejection fraction
What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?
$2-6$ mmHg or $2-8$ mmHg
'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication?
Hemolysis
What is the primary function of Troponin in diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
Confirms the presence or history of an acute MI
In managing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), what does the acronym MONA B stand for?
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin, Beta blockers
What is the significance of Creatine Kinase - MB (CK-MB) in diagnosing ACS?
Peaks at 24 hours post MI
Why is Myoglobin considered less specific compared to other cardiac biomarkers in diagnosing ACS?
Not a specific indicator to rule out MI
What is one of the nursing interventions recommended for patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) related to oxygen therapy?
Decrease O2 to keep respiratory function optimal
In patients with Systolic Heart Failure, what characterizes the condition?
The ventricle fails to eject blood properly
What is the primary purpose of administering Beta blockers post Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
Reduce the workload on the heart
What should be checked at regular intervals for patients with Heart Failure?
Biomarkers every 8 hours
What is the primary function of Betablockers in Heart Failure management?
Decrease stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
What is the primary goal of therapeutic hypothermia in a patient after cardiac arrest?
To reduce myocardial oxygen demand
Which medication is a potent vasodilator used in IV infusions for heart failure?
Nitroglycerin
Why should potassium intake be closely monitored in a patient transitioning to the warm phase after therapeutic hypothermia?
To prevent hyperkalemia
What characterizes Systolic Heart Failure?
Preserved Ejection Fraction
'Low suction alarm' on an Impella Device can lead to what complication?
Cardiac tamponade
'Hemodynamics' monitoring in cardiogenic shock involves measuring all of the following EXCEPT:
Respiratory rate
'Brain Naturetic Peptide (BNP)' serves as a diagnostic marker for which condition?
Heart Failure
'Impella Device' supports cardiac function by:
Decreasing afterload
Learn about common causes of cardiogenic shock, treatment goals, objectives, and interventions. Explore ways to reduce cardiac workload, improve oxygen levels, restore tissue perfusion, and manage hypotension in cardiogenic shock patients.
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