Cardio Chapter 22 Exam Review Questions
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Questions and Answers

What is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart?

SA-node (Sinoatrial Node)

What precedes unoxygenated blood?

Right Atrium

What precedes oxygenated blood?

Left Atrium

Where do coronary veins empty?

<p>Right Atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What artery supplies the Left Atrium?

<p>LCX (Left Circumflex Coronary Artery)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What artery supplies the Left Ventricle?

<p>LAD (Left Anterior Descending Artery)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pulmonary veins exist?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's between the alveolar and bronchi?

<p>Trachea &amp; Bifurcation of Bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alveolar ducts?

<p>Tiny ducts that connect the respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is alveolar?

<p>Composed of simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hilium?

<p>Slight concave portion on the medial side of each lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac cycle?

<p>Events taking place during a single heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diastole?

<p>Phase of relaxation of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an atrial septal defect?

<p>A congenital heart defect that enables blood flow between the left and right atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a ventricular septal defect?

<p>A defect in the wall dividing the right and left ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pacemaker of the Heart

  • The sinoatrial node (SA node) serves as the primary pacemaker of the heart.
  • Located in the wall of the right atrium, the SA node consists of a cluster of cells that generate electrical signals.
  • These cells dictate the timing and rate of the heartbeat.

Blood Flow through the Heart

  • Unoxygenated blood enters the right atrium before being transported to the pulmonary artery.
  • Oxygenated blood flows into the left atrium, originating from the pulmonary veins.

Coronary Circulation

  • Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and drain into the coronary sinus.
  • The coronary sinus empties directly into the right atrium.

Arteries Supplying the Heart

  • The left atrium is primarily supplied by the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX).
  • The left ventricle receives blood from the left anterior descending artery (LAD).

Pulmonary Veins

  • Humans have four pulmonary veins: two from the right lung and two from the left lung.
  • Each lung lobe typically corresponds to one pulmonary vein; however, veins from the upper and middle right lobes merge.

Respiratory Anatomy

  • The trachea and bifurcation of the bronchi lie between the alveoli and bronchi.
  • Alveolar ducts connect respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs, comprised of multiple alveoli.

Alveoli Structure

  • Alveoli are composed of simple squamous epithelium, facilitating gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Hilium Structure

  • The hilium is a concave area on the medial side of each lung, where the bronchus and other structures enter.

Cardiac Cycle

  • The cardiac cycle encompasses all events occurring during a single heartbeat, including contraction and relaxation phases.
  • Blood flows from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure throughout the cycle.

Diastole Phase

  • Diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the heartbeat, during which the heart refills with blood after contraction.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

  • ASD is a congenital heart defect characterized by an opening in the interatrial septum, allowing blood flow between the left and right atria.
  • This defect can result in mixed arterial and venous blood flow, known as a shunt.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

  • VSD is a defect in the ventricular septum that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart.
  • The most commonly affected area in adults is the membranous portion of the septum, which often requires surgical intervention.

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Description

Prepare for your cardio exam with this comprehensive review of Chapter 22. This quiz focuses on essential concepts, including the role of the SA-node as the heart's pacemaker and other critical functions of the cardiovascular system. Test your knowledge and ensure you're ready for the exam!

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