Questions and Answers
What year was the first coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery performed in the USA?
Which artery is most commonly used for coronary artery bypass surgery?
Who performed the first open-heart surgery procedure in Jordan?
Dr. Daoud Hanania
What is the main medical indication for CABG according to the ACC/AHA guidelines?
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Transmyocardial laser revascularization is a procedure that involves stopping the heart.
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The first heart-valve replacement in Jordan took place in _____ year.
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Match the cardiac surgery types with their descriptions:
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What is the purpose of mitral stenosis?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Surgery Overview
- Focus areas include Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery, minimally invasive techniques, and cardiac valve surgeries.
- Historical milestones: first CABG in the USA (1967), first open-heart surgery in Jordan (1970), and first coronary artery bypass in Jordan (1973).
Key Historical Figures
- Dr. Daoud Hanania performed the first open-heart surgery and heart-valve replacement in Jordan.
- Achieved the first successful cardiac transplant in the Middle East in 1985 at King Hussein Medical Center.
CABG Indications
- Preferred treatment for diseases affecting the Left Main Coronary Artery or all three coronary vessels (LAD, LCX, RCA).
- Candidates typically have age, prior surgeries, left ventricular ejection fraction, and stenosis percentages assessed.
Techniques in CABG
- Saphenous Vein Grafts: Historically used, but show lower 5-year patency rates compared to arterial grafts.
- Arterial Grafts: Internal thoracic artery has the highest long-term patency (85%-95% after 10 years). Other arteries used include gastroepiploic and radial arteries for specific blockages.
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
- Involves small incisions between ribs rather than traditional median sternotomy, utilizing microscopic technology.
- Ideal for patients with single vessel disease of the LAD; heart remains beating, with reduced heart rate via medication.
- Benefits include reduced complications, less pain, shorter hospitalization, and quicker recovery.
Off-Pump CABG
- Requires "beating heart" surgery, minimizing complications related to the bypass machine.
- Preferred for patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction.
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization
- Innovative approach involving creating channels in ischemic heart areas to improve blood flow and oxygenation.
- Suitable for patients with refractory unstable angina and those who did not respond to previous treatments.
- Documented improvement in pain and activity post-procedure.
Valvular Disease Overview
- Valvular Stenosis: Narrowing of valve orifice, impeding blood flow.
- Valvular Insufficiency/Regurgitation: Incompetent valve causes backward blood flow.
- Diagnosis often involves health history, physical examinations, echocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization.
Mitral Stenosis
- Usually caused by rheumatic heart disease leading to reduced blood flow from the left atrium.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics related to cardiac surgery, including various surgical procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting and cardiac valve surgeries. Learn about the preoperative assessments, intraoperative management, and postoperative care involved in cardiac surgeries. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals.
