Cardiac Physiology
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Questions and Answers

Which chamber of the heart connects to the pulmonary trunk?

  • Right ventricle (correct)
  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle

    • What is the function of the atria in the heart?

  • Collect blood and push it into the lower chambers (correct)
  • Separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  • Hold blood and empty into the atria
  • Pump blood out to the body or lungs

    • Which layer of the heart produces fluid in the pericardial cavity?

  • Epicardium
  • Parietal layer
  • Myocardium
  • Visceral layer (correct)

    • Where is the heart positioned in relation to the lungs?

    <p>Below the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood in the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the auricles in the heart?

    <p>Hold blood and empty into atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at 0mV in the cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>K+ channels open and Ca++ channels close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the long refractory period in the cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>To prevent premature contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart's conduction system would fire at a rate of 15 - 20 times per minute?

    <p>Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Without endocrine control, how many times per minute would the AV node fire?

    <p>40 - 60 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?

    <p>To record electrical signals of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of a defibrillator (AED) in correcting heart problems?

    <p>Delivers electrical impulses to ensure effective heart contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the cardiac cycle, what occurs during ventricular diastole?

    <p>Relaxation with semilunar valves open and atrioventricular valves closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myoglobin in heart cells?

    <p>Stores oxygen in muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves pumping blood into circulation?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the end diastolic volume (EDV) during ventricular systole?

    <p>Increases as blood flows toward the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for stroke volume in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>$70 - 80$ mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endothelium in the heart?

    <p>Secrete vasoconstrictors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure divides the heart into chambers?

    <p>Septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the left ventricle in the heart?

    <p>Pushes blood into the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about coronary circulation is true?

    <p>Coronary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of autorhythmicity in cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Initiate and propagate the action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the sinoatrial (SA) node located in the heart?

    <p>Superior and posterior wall of right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>Spread impulse around the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates cardiac contractile cells from myocardial conducting cells?

    <p>99% conduct impulses and contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the plateau phase in cardiac contractile cells?

    <p>Few K+ channels open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does altered blood flow produce a heart murmur during auscultation?

    <p>As a result of valve disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of heart murmurs?

    <p>Turbulent blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sound is associated with the closing of semilunar valves?

    <p>S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO) in liters per minute?

    <p>4 - 8 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Cardiac Output (CO)?

    <p>$CO = SV * HR$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can decrease Heart Rate according to the text?

    <p>Altered Na+ levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nervous control of Heart Rate?

    <p>To regulate Heart Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex results from increased blood in the atria stretching their walls?

    <p>Atrial reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what happens to the Cardiac Output?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve dominates the autonomic tone of the heart?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage range for a normal Ejection Fraction?

    <p>50% - 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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