Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which divisions of the nervous system are responsible for the following events: You're experiencing some anxiety while reviewing your anatomy notes, and your glossopharyngeal nerve monitors blood pressure in your aortic sinus, resulting in the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of your blood vessels?
Which divisions of the nervous system are responsible for the following events: You're experiencing some anxiety while reviewing your anatomy notes, and your glossopharyngeal nerve monitors blood pressure in your aortic sinus, resulting in the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of your blood vessels?
- Parasympathetic system
- Afferent system (correct)
- Somatic efferent system
- Sympathetic system (correct)
Which divisions of the nervous system are responsible for the following events: as you prepare lunch in your kitchen, your vestibulocochlear nerve detects a buzzing sound, resulting in you voluntarily turning your head towards the sound?
Which divisions of the nervous system are responsible for the following events: as you prepare lunch in your kitchen, your vestibulocochlear nerve detects a buzzing sound, resulting in you voluntarily turning your head towards the sound?
- Sympathetic system
- Afferent system (correct)
- Parasympathetic system
- Somatic efferent system (correct)
Blood reflexes, hormones, and neural centers can modify cardiac output (CO) when necessary. Modifying CO is important under different circumstances, and our body does so by manipulating our heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV). Which of the following conditions would ultimately DECREASE your CO?
Blood reflexes, hormones, and neural centers can modify cardiac output (CO) when necessary. Modifying CO is important under different circumstances, and our body does so by manipulating our heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV). Which of the following conditions would ultimately DECREASE your CO?
- A patient is administered a positive chronotrope.
- Sympathetic nerves stimulating the pacemaker cells
- More blood entering the ventricles to cause the ventricular reflex.
- The cardiac reflex centers send signals along parasympathetic nerves. (correct)
- Norepinephrine release from the adrenal glands.
The conducting system of the heart includes some modified structures that allow the propagation of an electrical signal throughout the heart. Which of the following statements below is FALSE about this system?
The conducting system of the heart includes some modified structures that allow the propagation of an electrical signal throughout the heart. Which of the following statements below is FALSE about this system?
What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
Which component of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory signals?
Which component of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory signals?
During which state is the parasympathetic nervous system most active?
During which state is the parasympathetic nervous system most active?
Which effectors are primarily controlled by the somatic nervous system?
Which effectors are primarily controlled by the somatic nervous system?
How do the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system generally interact?
How do the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system generally interact?
Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic nervous system's rest-and-digest processes?
Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic nervous system's rest-and-digest processes?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the peripheral nervous system?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the peripheral nervous system?
What function does the autonomic nervous system NOT regulate?
What function does the autonomic nervous system NOT regulate?
What primarily activates the sympathetic nervous system?
What primarily activates the sympathetic nervous system?
Which part of the spinal cord contributes to the nerves that control heart rate and contraction strength?
Which part of the spinal cord contributes to the nerves that control heart rate and contraction strength?
How is cardiac output calculated?
How is cardiac output calculated?
What role does the sinoatrial (SA) node play in the heart?
What role does the sinoatrial (SA) node play in the heart?
What is the effect of norepinephrine on the SA and AV nodes?
What is the effect of norepinephrine on the SA and AV nodes?
What is a primary factor that leads to changes in stroke volume?
What is a primary factor that leads to changes in stroke volume?
During what scenario would the body utilize both HR and SV adjustments effectively?
During what scenario would the body utilize both HR and SV adjustments effectively?
Which structure allows for the electrical signal to travel from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles?
Which structure allows for the electrical signal to travel from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles?
What effect does hypoperfusion have on pyruvate metabolism?
What effect does hypoperfusion have on pyruvate metabolism?
Which system is primarily responsible for acute responses to increase cardiac output during shock?
Which system is primarily responsible for acute responses to increase cardiac output during shock?
What is a primary consequence of ATP insufficiency during severe shock?
What is a primary consequence of ATP insufficiency during severe shock?
Which response is NOT a part of the body's compensation mechanisms during shock?
Which response is NOT a part of the body's compensation mechanisms during shock?
Which of the following statements about the RAA system is correct?
Which of the following statements about the RAA system is correct?
What can result from the rupture of lysosomes during metabolic acidosis?
What can result from the rupture of lysosomes during metabolic acidosis?
During distributive shock, which change is typically observed?
During distributive shock, which change is typically observed?
Which of the following best describes the cellular impact of sodium concentration increase in shock?
Which of the following best describes the cellular impact of sodium concentration increase in shock?
What primarily influences stroke volume?
What primarily influences stroke volume?
How does ventricular hypertrophy affect stroke volume?
How does ventricular hypertrophy affect stroke volume?
What effect does increased arterial pressure have on end systolic volume?
What effect does increased arterial pressure have on end systolic volume?
Which of the following best describes shock?
Which of the following best describes shock?
What happens during decompensation in shock?
What happens during decompensation in shock?
How is blood pressure related to vascular resistance?
How is blood pressure related to vascular resistance?
What signifies the development of morbidities in shock?
What signifies the development of morbidities in shock?
Which factor contributes to maintaining low end systolic volume?
Which factor contributes to maintaining low end systolic volume?
Flashcards
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Part of the peripheral nervous system controlling involuntary actions, like heart rate and digestion.
Cardiac output
Cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood pumped per heartbeat.
Heart Rate
Heart Rate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Signup and view all the flashcards
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Signup and view all the flashcards
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypoxia
Hypoxia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypoperfusion
Hypoperfusion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shock
Shock
Signup and view all the flashcards
End Diastolic Volume
End Diastolic Volume
Signup and view all the flashcards
End Systolic Volume
End Systolic Volume
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stroke Volume Calculation
Stroke Volume Calculation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Efferent System
Efferent System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Afferent System
Afferent System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which side of the autonomic nervous system is active during rest?
Which side of the autonomic nervous system is active during rest?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the role of the efferent nervous system?
What is the role of the efferent nervous system?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the role of the afferent nervous system?
What is the role of the afferent nervous system?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the central nervous system?
What is the central nervous system?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sympathetic Nervous System's Role
Sympathetic Nervous System's Role
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sympathetic Nerve Origin
Sympathetic Nerve Origin
Signup and view all the flashcards
Heart Rate Control
Heart Rate Control
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cardiac Output Calculation
Cardiac Output Calculation
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does the heart maintain its rhythm?
How does the heart maintain its rhythm?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sympathetic Effect on Heart Rate
Sympathetic Effect on Heart Rate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Factors Affecting Stroke Volume
Factors Affecting Stroke Volume
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anaerobic Metabolism
Anaerobic Metabolism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cellular Edema in Shock
Cellular Edema in Shock
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lysosome Rupture in Shock
Lysosome Rupture in Shock
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shock Compensation: Sympathetic Nervous System
Shock Compensation: Sympathetic Nervous System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shock Compensation: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAA) System
Shock Compensation: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAA) System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Distributive Shock
Distributive Shock
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shock Decompensation
Shock Decompensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Blood Reflexes and Cardiac Output
Blood Reflexes and Cardiac Output
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is stroke volume?
What is stroke volume?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What influences end diastolic volume?
What influences end diastolic volume?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does ventricular hypertrophy impact end diastolic volume?
How does ventricular hypertrophy impact end diastolic volume?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What factors affect end systolic volume?
What factors affect end systolic volume?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the ventricular blood reflex?
What is the ventricular blood reflex?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does blood pressure relate to stroke volume?
How does blood pressure relate to stroke volume?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is shock?
What is shock?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the signs of shock?
What are the signs of shock?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Cardiac Output, Autonomic Nervous System, and Shock
- Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, calculated by multiplying heart rate (beats per minute) by stroke volume (volume per beat).
- The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate, blood vessel tone, digestion, and urination.
- The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, working antagonistically.
- The sympathetic system prepares the body for stress ("fight or flight"), increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
- The parasympathetic system promotes rest and digestion, decreasing heart rate and blood pressure.
Autonomic Nervous System
- The central nervous system (CNS) integrates and coordinates nervous signals, including the brain and spinal cord.
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves that carry sensory and motor signals to and from the brain and spinal cord.
- The PNS is further divided into afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) divisions.
- The efferent system has somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary) components.
Peripheral Nervous System
- Afferent (Sensory) division: Carries sensory signals from receptors to the CNS.
- Efferent (Motor) division: Carries motor signals from the CNS to effectors (muscles, glands).
- Somatic nervous system: Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
- Autonomic nervous system: Controls involuntary functions (e.g., heart rate, digestion).
- Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
Shock
- Shock is a circulatory failure where tissues and organs don't receive enough blood.
- Hypoxia (low oxygen) is a primary cause of shock complications.
- Initial compensatory mechanisms (e.g., sympathetic nervous system response) maintain blood pressure and perfusion temporarily but are often overwhelmed in severe cases.
- Decompensation occurs if compensatory mechanisms fail, leading to tissue damage and organ failure.
- The two major responses are sympathetic activation(acute; increasing heart rate, blood pressure), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system (chronic response to maintain blood pressure by increasing blood volume).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to cardiac output, the role of the autonomic nervous system, and the physiological responses of the body to stress and relaxation. Understand how heart rate and stroke volume are critical to maintaining blood flow and how the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems interact. Test your knowledge on these fundamental aspects of human physiology.
