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Questions and Answers
What is the role of Ca++ channels at 0mV during repolarization?
What is the role of Ca++ channels at 0mV during repolarization?
- They open
- They allow for the plateau
- They close (correct)
- They bind to troponin
Which component of the heart's conduction system would fire the slowest times per minute?
Which component of the heart's conduction system would fire the slowest times per minute?
- Purkinje fibers (correct)
- AV node
- SA node
- Atrioventricular bundle
What would be the heart rate range if the AV node was the primary pacemaker without endocrine control?
What would be the heart rate range if the AV node was the primary pacemaker without endocrine control?
- 80 - 100 BPM
- 30 - 40 BPM
- 40 - 60 BPM (correct)
- 15 - 20 BPM
How many leads are typically used for recording an ECG or EKG?
How many leads are typically used for recording an ECG or EKG?
What happens to K+ channels at 0mV during typical repolarization?
What happens to K+ channels at 0mV during typical repolarization?
What is the main function of P wave in an ECG?
What is the main function of P wave in an ECG?
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the pumping of blood into circulation?
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the pumping of blood into circulation?
What is the primary function of an artificial pacemaker in the context of heart function?
What is the primary function of an artificial pacemaker in the context of heart function?
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the end systolic volume (ESV) refer to the amount of blood left in the ventricles after stroke volume is pushed out?
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the end systolic volume (ESV) refer to the amount of blood left in the ventricles after stroke volume is pushed out?
What is the significance of the T wave in an ECG?
What is the significance of the T wave in an ECG?
What is the primary purpose of an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)?
What is the primary purpose of an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)?
Where is the heart located in the body?
Where is the heart located in the body?
Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood out to the body or lungs?
Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood out to the body or lungs?
Which layer of the heart is most superficial?
Which layer of the heart is most superficial?
What is the function of auricles in the heart?
What is the function of auricles in the heart?
Which structure separates the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium?
Which structure separates the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium?
What is the size of a typical heart compared to that of an athlete's heart?
What is the size of a typical heart compared to that of an athlete's heart?
Which type of cells in the heart initiate an electrical potential at a fixed rate?
Which type of cells in the heart initiate an electrical potential at a fixed rate?
What is the purpose of the desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells?
What is the purpose of the desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells?
Why do semilunar valves make an audible sound as they close?
Why do semilunar valves make an audible sound as they close?
What is the main function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
What is the main function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Which structure divides the heart into chambers and are physical extensions of myocardium?
Which structure divides the heart into chambers and are physical extensions of myocardium?
What happens when cardiac conductive cells plateau during depolarization?
What happens when cardiac conductive cells plateau during depolarization?
What is the role of endothelins released by the endothelium in the heart?
What is the role of endothelins released by the endothelium in the heart?
How do tricuspid and mitral valves close in the heart?
How do tricuspid and mitral valves close in the heart?
What is the primary function of coronary veins in the circulatory system?
What is the primary function of coronary veins in the circulatory system?
Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the semilunar valves?
Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the semilunar valves?
What is the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO) in liters per minute?
What is the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO) in liters per minute?
What is the formula to calculate Cardiac Output (CO)?
What is the formula to calculate Cardiac Output (CO)?
Which factor increases Heart Rate (HR) through sympathetic stimulation?
Which factor increases Heart Rate (HR) through sympathetic stimulation?
What is the percentage range for a normal Ejection Fraction?
What is the percentage range for a normal Ejection Fraction?
Which reflex is triggered by increased blood in the atria resulting in a sympathetic response to increase heart rate?
Which reflex is triggered by increased blood in the atria resulting in a sympathetic response to increase heart rate?
How can caffeine and nicotine affect Heart Rate?
How can caffeine and nicotine affect Heart Rate?
Which electrolyte alteration can decrease Heart Rate?
Which electrolyte alteration can decrease Heart Rate?
What happens if there is little time for blood to fill during increased Heart Rate?
What happens if there is little time for blood to fill during increased Heart Rate?
Which event occurs before other heart sounds when blood is being pushed into a stiff ventricle?
Which event occurs before other heart sounds when blood is being pushed into a stiff ventricle?
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