Cardiac Muscle and Mitral Valve Properties

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following types of muscle fibers are responsible for conducting the impulse to the heart?

  • Contractile muscle fibers
  • Nodal muscle fibers (correct)
  • Specialized conducting fibers
  • Conducting muscle fibers

Where are the Nodal muscle fibers located in the heart?

  • Right atrium and left ventricle
  • Left atrium and right ventricle
  • Interatrial septum and interventricular septum
  • Sinoatrial node (SAN) and Atrioventricular node (AVN) (correct)

What is the function of the Atrioventricular node (AVN)?

  • Conducts the impulse to the heart (correct)
  • Acts as a pacemaker of the heart
  • Connected to the Bundle of His
  • Located in the right atrium

What is the main function of the atrial muscles?

<p>Act as blood reservoirs during ventricular systole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the Specialized conducting fibers connect in the heart?

<p>Atrial and ventricular muscles sheets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the region where the cardiac impulse arises known as?

<p>Pacemaker of the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the ventricular muscle fibers arranged?

<p>In a spiral manner from base to apex in 3 layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

<p>Tricuspid valve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart has Conducting muscle fibers located in it?

<p>Atrial and ventricular wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cardiac valves?

<p>To allow passage of blood only in one direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is important in the regulation of arterial blood pressure?

<p>Atrial muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of atrioventricular valves?

<p>They separate atria from ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mitral valve?

<p>Prevents eversion of the AV valves into atria during systole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for the regular beating of the heart?

<p>Rhythmicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cordae tendinae in relation to the mitral valve?

<p>Prevent eversion of AV valves into ventricles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of cardiac muscle converts potential energy into mechanical energy?

<p>Contractility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of heart rhythm according to the text?

<p>Myogenic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Pacemaker of the heart' refers to which component mentioned in the text?

<p>SAN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of the diastolic depolarization during atrial diastole in the SAN action potential?

<p>Na+ influx through funny (slow) Na+ channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is responsible for the upstroke phase (phase 0) of the SAN action potential?

<p>Ca++ through L (long-lasting) Ca++ channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the repolarization phase (phase 3) in the SAN action potential?

<p>K+ efflux through potassium channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium ions in the SAN action potential?

<p>Cause the upstroke phase via L-type calcium channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which channel is responsible for the gradual rise in membrane potential during atrial diastole in the SAN action potential?

<p>Funny (slow) Na+ channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting membrane potential of contractile cardiac muscle fibers?

<p>-85 mV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of the rapid depolarization in Phase 0 of the action potential of contractile cardiac muscle fibers?

<p>Opening of fast Na+ channels leading to rapid Na+ influx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Phase 2 of the action potential in contractile cardiac muscle fibers?

<p>Slow prolonged repolarization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion plays a crucial role in the slow prolonged repolarization phase (plateau) of the action potential in cardiac muscle fibers?

<p>Ca++ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Phase 3 of the action potential in contractile cardiac muscle fibers?

<p>Marked increase in K+ efflux causing rapid repolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the membrane potential return to its resting level in the action potential of contractile cardiac muscle fibers?

<p>Phase 4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of depolarization in Phase 2 for atrial muscles compared to ventricular muscles?

<p>0.30 seconds in atrial muscles and 0.15 seconds in ventricular muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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