Cardiac Function Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding O2 deficit and EPOC adaptations with training?

O2 deficit remains the same but EPOC decreases

O2 deficit and EPOC remain the same

O2 deficit decreases but EPOC remains the same

Both O2 deficit and EPOC decrease (correct)

Which of the following adaptations occurs in ATP production with training?

Increased activity of ATPases

Increased ATP production from fuels

No change in ATP production (correct)

Decreased ATP production from fuels

What is the ATP production from glycolysis of glucose-6?

4 ATP

15 ATP

5 ATP

2 ATP (correct)

How many NADH molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle from the metabolism of glucose-6?

6 NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the total ATP production from the metabolism of glucose-6?

30 ATP Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced per NADH + H+ in the electron transport chain?

2.5 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the total ATP production from the metabolism of a glucose molecule?

106 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following factors contributes to an increase in stroke volume?

Muscle pump (standing - running) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for cardiac output (Q)?

Q = SV × HR Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle refers to the relaxation of the heart cells?

Diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is the average stroke volume (SV) per beat?

70 mL Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to an increase in preload?

Gravity (lying down - standing) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating stroke volume (SV)?

SV = EDV - ESV Signup and view all the answers

What is afterload in the context of the cardiovascular system?

The pressure after the heart has to pump against to get blood out of it Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations correctly represents ejection fraction?

$SV/EDV$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the average ejection fraction?

54% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between exercise and stroke volume (SV)?

Heavy exercise causes a dip in SV. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for a decrease in venous return during exercise?

Increased blood flow to the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

$MAP = \frac{1}{3} \times SBP + \frac{2}{3} \times DBP$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the pulse pressure?

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating the heart rate-pressure product (RPP)?

$RPP = SBP \times HR$ Signup and view all the answers

According to Poiseuille's Law, how does the radius of a blood vessel influence the blood flow rate?

An increase in radius will increase the blood flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between pressure and blood flow?

An increase in pressure will increase the blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

How does resistance change when flow decreases?

Resistance increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the relationship between viscosity and flow rate?

An increase in viscosity will decrease the flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to conductance when resistance decreases?

Conductance increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between blood flow and pressure?

Blood flow is directly proportional to pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the relationship between vessel diameter and blood flow rate?

An increase in vessel diameter will increase the blood flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between viscosity and shear rate?

Viscosity is inversely proportional to shear rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between resistance and flow rate?

Resistance is inversely proportional to flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

O2 Deficit and EPOC Adaptations

O2 deficit refers to the difference between the oxygen required and oxygen consumed during exercise initiation.
EPOC (Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption) reflects the elevated oxygen uptake post-exercise to restore the body to its pre-exercise state.
Training adaptations reduce both O2 deficit and EPOC due to improved cardiovascular and muscular efficiency.

ATP Production Adaptations with Training

Training enhances the efficiency of ATP production, particularly through increased enzyme activity in energy pathways.
Increased muscle mitochondrial density improves aerobic capacity.

Glycolysis and Glucose Metabolism

ATP production from glycolysis of glucose-6 yields 2 ATP molecules.
The Krebs cycle from glucose-6 metabolism produces 6 NADH molecules.

Total ATP Production from Glucose-6

Total ATP output from glucose-6 metabolism is 38 ATP when considering glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

NADH and ATP in the Electron Transport Chain

Each NADH + H+ generates 2.5 ATP in the electron transport chain.

Total ATP from a Glucose Molecule

Complete metabolism of a glucose molecule results in a total of 36 to 38 ATP, depending on the shuttle systems used to transport electrons into mitochondria.

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (Q) equation is Q = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV).
Stroke volume typically averages around 70 mL per beat.
Factors contributing to increased stroke volume include increased preload and enhanced contractility.

Cardiac Cycle and Ejection Fraction

Diastole refers to the phase of the cardiac cycle where heart cells relax.
Ejection fraction (EF) is calculated as EF = Stroke Volume / End Diastolic Volume.
Average ejection fraction is typically around 55-70%.

Preload and Afterload

Preload is the initial stretching of cardiac muscle fibers, influenced by venous return.
Afterload refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood.

Mean Arterial Pressure and Pulse Pressure

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is calculated using the equation MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP - DBP).
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Heart Rate-Pressure Product

The heart rate-pressure product (RPP) is calculated as RPP = Heart Rate x Systolic Blood Pressure.

Blood Flow and Vessel Diameter

According to Poiseuille's Law, blood flow rate increases exponentially with an increase in vessel radius.
Resistance decreases when vessel diameter increases, which enhances blood flow.
Higher viscosity often lowers flow rate, and an increase in shear rate generally reduces viscosity.

Resistance and Flow Rate Relationships

Resistance and flow rate are inversely related; as resistance increases, flow rate decreases.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on Ariole Value Stroke Volume and Ejection Fraction in this quiz. Learn about the percentage of blood ejected from the heart and how it is affected by exercise and sweating. Discover the relationship between stroke volume and heart rate.