9 Questions
What is a possible cause of the third heart sound (S3) in pregnant women?
Excessive ventricular vibrations due to rapid ventricular filling
Where is the third heart sound (S3) best heard?
Apex
In which condition can the fourth heart sound (S4) be heard?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
What causes the fourth heart sound (S4) to occur?
Forceful atrial contraction
When is the third heart sound (S3) considered physiological?
In children and athletes
Which condition could lead to the occurrence of both S3 and S4 heart sounds simultaneously?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
What is a possible cause for the third heart sound (S3) in adults other than pregnant women?
Mitral or tricuspid regurgitations
Which condition might result in a patient presenting with both S3 and S4 heart sounds?
Dilated cardiomyopathy.
Where on the body is the fourth heart sound (S4) usually best heard?
Apex.
Learn about cardiac examination techniques focusing on percussion along the right sternal border to confirm heart position, detect abnormalities, and estimate heart size. Understand normal and abnormal findings for conditions like right atrial enlargement and pericardial effusion.
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