Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of ventricular filling occurs passively during diastole?
What percentage of ventricular filling occurs passively during diastole?
- 60%
- 90%
- 80%
- 70% (correct)
How much of the ventricular filling is attributed to the contraction of the atria during the last third of diastole?
How much of the ventricular filling is attributed to the contraction of the atria during the last third of diastole?
- 25% (correct)
- 20%
- 15%
- 30%
Which statement correctly describes the process of ventricular filling during diastole?
Which statement correctly describes the process of ventricular filling during diastole?
- Ventricular filling is solely reliant on the contraction of the ventricles.
- Ventricular filling is more significant in the first third of diastole than the last third.
- All ventricular filling occurs actively through atrial contraction.
- The majority of ventricular filling occurs passively with some contribution from atrial contraction. (correct)
During which phase does the atria's contraction contribute significantly to ventricular filling?
During which phase does the atria's contraction contribute significantly to ventricular filling?
What role does the atrial contraction play in overall ventricular filling?
What role does the atrial contraction play in overall ventricular filling?
What can a murmur due to valve disease indicate?
What can a murmur due to valve disease indicate?
Where is a clinician most likely to hear a murmur caused by valve disease?
Where is a clinician most likely to hear a murmur caused by valve disease?
What occurs during the first third of diastole?
What occurs during the first third of diastole?
What is an example of a vascular sound that can be heard outside the heart?
What is an example of a vascular sound that can be heard outside the heart?
What is true of blood flow during the middle third of diastole?
What is true of blood flow during the middle third of diastole?
Which statement describes diastole effectively?
Which statement describes diastole effectively?
Which condition is most likely to cause the audible bruit over the carotid artery?
Which condition is most likely to cause the audible bruit over the carotid artery?
Which phase of the cardiac cycle has the least blood flow into the ventricles?
Which phase of the cardiac cycle has the least blood flow into the ventricles?
What does a murmur specifically suggest about the function of a heart valve?
What does a murmur specifically suggest about the function of a heart valve?
What is primarily happening in the ventricles during diastole?
What is primarily happening in the ventricles during diastole?
What happens to the ventricle if the atria fail to function?
What happens to the ventricle if the atria fail to function?
Under what condition might the signs of heart failure become noticeable?
Under what condition might the signs of heart failure become noticeable?
Which symptom is commonly associated with heart failure when the atria are not functioning?
Which symptom is commonly associated with heart failure when the atria are not functioning?
What is the primary focus of the second lecture in the cardiovascular physiology series?
What is the primary focus of the second lecture in the cardiovascular physiology series?
What percentage does the ventricle reportedly require for optimal operation without the atria?
What percentage does the ventricle reportedly require for optimal operation without the atria?
Which aspect of heart sounds is emphasized in the lecture objectives?
Which aspect of heart sounds is emphasized in the lecture objectives?
Which statement best describes the impact of atrial failure on overall heart function?
Which statement best describes the impact of atrial failure on overall heart function?
What mechanical event of the cardiac cycle is likely covered in the lecture?
What mechanical event of the cardiac cycle is likely covered in the lecture?
Why are added heart sounds significant in a cardiovascular assessment?
Why are added heart sounds significant in a cardiovascular assessment?
Which sequence of events is most likely part of the cardiac cycle discussed in the lecture?
Which sequence of events is most likely part of the cardiac cycle discussed in the lecture?
What does systolic pressure indicate?
What does systolic pressure indicate?
Which statement correctly describes diastolic pressure?
Which statement correctly describes diastolic pressure?
How do systolic and diastolic pressures relate during a cardiac cycle?
How do systolic and diastolic pressures relate during a cardiac cycle?
In what phase of the cardiac cycle is the systolic pressure measured?
In what phase of the cardiac cycle is the systolic pressure measured?
Which of the following is true about arterial pressure measurements?
Which of the following is true about arterial pressure measurements?
Flashcards
Rapid filling phase
Rapid filling phase
The first third of diastole, when the ventricles fill rapidly with blood.
Slow filling phase
Slow filling phase
The middle third of diastole, when only a small amount of blood passively flows into the ventricles.
Diastole
Diastole
The period after each heartbeat when the heart chambers relax and fill with blood.
Ventricles
Ventricles
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Systole
Systole
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Systolic Pressure
Systolic Pressure
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Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle
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Diastolic Pressure
Diastolic Pressure
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Normal Heart Sounds
Normal Heart Sounds
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Blood Pressure Measurement
Blood Pressure Measurement
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Abnormal Heart Sounds
Abnormal Heart Sounds
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What are the atria?
What are the atria?
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Can the ventricles function without the atria?
Can the ventricles function without the atria?
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When is heart failure most likely to be noticed?
When is heart failure most likely to be noticed?
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What is a common sign of heart failure?
What is a common sign of heart failure?
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Passive Ventricular Filling
Passive Ventricular Filling
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What is heart failure?
What is heart failure?
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Atrial Contraction
Atrial Contraction
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End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
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Bruit
Bruit
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Heart Murmur
Heart Murmur
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Heart Sound
Heart Sound
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Murmur Location
Murmur Location
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Stenosis
Stenosis
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Study Notes
Cardiac Cycle
- The cardiac cycle encompasses events from the start of one heartbeat to the next
- It involves a period of relaxation (diastole) followed by contraction (systole)
- Electrical activity triggers muscle contraction, lasting ~50ms after repolarization
Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle
- Occurs in distinct phases in the left ventricle:
- Phase I (Filling): Atrial pressure pushes open AV valves, causing rapid ventricular filling
- Phase II (Isovolumetric Contraction): Ventricular pressure rises, closing AV valves, but no volume change
- Phase III (Ejection): Ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure, opening semilunar valves, and blood ejects
- Phase IV (Isovolumetric Relaxation): Ventricular pressure drops below aortic pressure, closing semilunar valves, and no volume change
Ventricular Filling
- Phase I primarily involves rapid filling due to atrial pressure
- The middle third of diastole involves slower ventricular filling
- The final third involves atrial contraction, adding ~25% of filling
Important Cardiac Cycle Values
- End Diastolic Volume (EDV): Blood volume in ventricles at end of diastole (approximately 110-120ml)
- End Systolic Volume (ESV): Blood volume in ventricles at end of systole (approximately 50-60ml)
- Stroke Volume (SV): Blood volume ejected per contraction (approximately 70-90ml)
- Ejection Fraction (EF): Percentage of EDV that is ejected (approximately 65% for left ventricle and 45% for right ventricle)
Heart Sounds
- First Heart Sound (S1): Closure of AV valves (lub)
- Second Heart Sound (S2): Closure of semilunar valves (dub)
Abnormal Sounds (Murmurs and Bruits)
- Abnormal heart sounds can indicate valve problems or other cardiovascular issues
- The resulting turbulent blood flow produces abnormal sounds that can be detected using a stethoscope
Other Relevant Concepts
- Cardiac Output (CO): The volume of blood pumped per minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
- The rate at which the heart beats affects the duration of the systole and diastole phases. A faster heart rate shortens the time available for ventricular filling
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