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12 Questions

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Cardiac Conduction System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which heart sound is rarely heard in normal adults, especially when the ventricle is stiff or atrial pressure is high?

First sound

Second sound

Third sound

Fourth sound (correct)

What is the main cause of the second heart sound?

Acceleration of blood in the heart

Deceleration of blood in the heart

Vibrations associated with closure of aortic and pulmonary valves (correct)

High atrial pressure

What is the frequency range of the first heart sound?

10-20 Hz

70-80 Hz

25-45 Hz (correct)

50-60 Hz

In which phase of the cardiac cycle is the third heart sound typically heard?

Diastole Signup and view all the answers

Where is the best location to hear the third heart sound in most individuals?

5th intercostal space Signup and view all the answers

What causes reduplication (physiologic splitting) of the second heart sound?

Frequent aortic and pulmonary valve closure during expiration Signup and view all the answers

Why does the A-V bundle myofibrils have a slow rate of conduction compared to the atrial and ventricular muscles?

Due to their small size and decreased number of gap junctions Signup and view all the answers

Why is the opening of the heart valves not audible when listening with a stethoscope?

Because the process of valve opening is slow and noiseless Signup and view all the answers

What causes the first heart sound (S1) to be low in pitch and relatively long-lasting?

Closure of the A-V valves when the ventricles contract Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the rapid snap sound heard when the aortic and pulmonary valves close at the end of systole?

Rapid closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves Signup and view all the answers

What role do gap junctions play in the conduction of the cardiac action potential?

Facilitate rapid conduction between muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Why does one not hear the opening of heart valves even though they are moving?

The opening process is silent and slow Signup and view all the answers