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Questions and Answers
In which phase of the action potential do Nonpacemaker and Pacemaker cells exhibit slow, continuous depolarization during rest?
In which phase of the action potential do Nonpacemaker and Pacemaker cells exhibit slow, continuous depolarization during rest?
- Phase 0
- Phase 2
- Phase 3
- Phase 4 (correct)
What does the P wave in the electrocardiogram reflect?
What does the P wave in the electrocardiogram reflect?
- Ventricular repolarization
- Ventricular depolarization
- Atrial depolarization (correct)
- Atrial repolarization
Which interval in the electrocardiogram represents the relationship between phases of the action potential?
Which interval in the electrocardiogram represents the relationship between phases of the action potential?
- PR Interval (correct)
- ST Segment
- QT Interval
- QRS Complex
What is the major site of action of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs classified under Class I?
What is the major site of action of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs classified under Class I?
What is the primary effect of Class III anti-arrhythmic drugs?
What is the primary effect of Class III anti-arrhythmic drugs?
What is the mechanism of action of Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs?
What is the mechanism of action of Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs?
What does the QT Interval in the electrocardiogram represent?
What does the QT Interval in the electrocardiogram represent?
What is the process of initiation of reentry in the context of cardiac arrhythmias?
What is the process of initiation of reentry in the context of cardiac arrhythmias?
What is the result of disturbances in heart rhythm that leads to longer refractory period in pathway B?
What is the result of disturbances in heart rhythm that leads to longer refractory period in pathway B?
What is the main risk factor associated with atrial dysfunction and mechanistic changes in the context of arrhythmia?
What is the main risk factor associated with atrial dysfunction and mechanistic changes in the context of arrhythmia?
What is the primary effect of Class II anti-arrhythmic drugs?
What is the primary effect of Class II anti-arrhythmic drugs?
What is the effect of Phase 2 of the action potential?
What is the effect of Phase 2 of the action potential?
What is the phase of the cardiac action potential that corresponds to the ST segment of the ECG?
What is the phase of the cardiac action potential that corresponds to the ST segment of the ECG?
Which phase of the SA node action potential causes the atrial muscles to contract?
Which phase of the SA node action potential causes the atrial muscles to contract?
What is the phase sustained by inward movement of Ca+ and outward movement of K+?
What is the phase sustained by inward movement of Ca+ and outward movement of K+?
Which phase corresponds to the T wave on the ECG?
Which phase corresponds to the T wave on the ECG?
What initiates the sequence of pacemakers action potential in the heart?
What initiates the sequence of pacemakers action potential in the heart?
Which phase corresponds to the R and S waves on the ECG?
Which phase corresponds to the R and S waves on the ECG?
During which phase does the SA node generate an electrical impulse to start the action potential sequence?
During which phase does the SA node generate an electrical impulse to start the action potential sequence?
Which phase allows K+ to move out of the cell for repolarization?
Which phase allows K+ to move out of the cell for repolarization?
What is the phase of the action potentials of the SA/AV Node?
What is the phase of the action potentials of the SA/AV Node?
Which phase corresponds to the decline of potential at the end of phase 3 in pacemaker cells, such as the sinus node?
Which phase corresponds to the decline of potential at the end of phase 3 in pacemaker cells, such as the sinus node?
During which phase does the sustained inward movement of Ca+ and outward movement of K+ occur?
During which phase does the sustained inward movement of Ca+ and outward movement of K+ occur?
Which phase of the SA node action potential causes the initial rapid repolarization?
Which phase of the SA node action potential causes the initial rapid repolarization?
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