Carboxylic Acids Quiz

Carboxylic Acids

• The functional group of a carboxylic acid is -COOH.

Nomenclature of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

• Aliphatic carboxylic acids are named according to IUPAC rules.
• The parent chain is the longest chain that includes the carboxyl (-COOH) group.

Naming Other Groups in Carboxylic Acids

• Other groups bonded to the parent chain are named as substituents.

Characteristics of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

• Aliphatic carboxylic acids are organic compounds with a carboxyl (-COOH) group.
• They are polar molecules.

Solubility of Carboxylic Acids

• Carboxylic acids with 1-4 carbons are soluble in water.
• Carboxylic acids with 5-8 carbons are less soluble in water.

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

• The boiling points of carboxylic acids are comparatively high due to hydrogen bonding.

Classification of Carboxylic Acids

• Carboxylic acids are generally considered to be weak acids.
• Carboxylic acids containing one or more C=C bonds are classified as unsaturated.
• Carboxylic acids where the carbon of the carboxyl group is bonded directly to a carbon in an aromatic ring are classified as aromatic.

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids

• The oxidation of alkyl groups attached to aromatic rings results in the formation of carboxylic acids.
• Acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides participate in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions.
• The reaction of an acid with an alcohol or a phenol forms an ester.
• The reaction between thionyl chloride and carboxylic acids forms an acid chloride.

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

• Carboxylic acids turn blue litmus to red due to their acidic property.

Condensation Reactions

• The elimination of water from two molecules of carboxylic acid forms an acid anhydride.