Carbohydrates: Types, Functions, and Sources

Classification of Carbohydrates

• Simple Carbohydrates (Sugars)
  • Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
  • Disaccharides: sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), maltose
• Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
  • Polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
  • Oligosaccharides: raffinose, stachyose

Functions of Carbohydrates

• Energy Source: primary source of energy for the body
• Structural Role: cellulose in plant cell walls, chitin in insect exoskeletons
• Fiber: aids in digestion, promotes satiety, and supports healthy gut bacteria

Sources of Carbohydrates

• Plant-based: fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes
• Animal-based: milk, honey, lactose in milk
• Refined Carbohydrates: sugary drinks, baked goods, sweets

Important Carbohydrate-related Concepts

• Glycemic Index (GI): measures how quickly carbohydrates raise blood sugar levels
• Fiber Content: soluble and insoluble fiber, with benefits for digestive health
• Carbohydrate Loading: athletic training strategy to maximize muscle glycogen stores

Test your knowledge of carbohydrates, including simple and complex carbs, their functions, sources, and related concepts like glycemic index and fiber content.