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Questions and Answers
________ are one of the three primary macronutrients, alongside protein and fat, that supply energy to living organisms.
________ are one of the three primary macronutrients, alongside protein and fat, that supply energy to living organisms.
Carbohydrates
______ are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, with hydrogen and oxygen occurring at a 2:1 ratio.
______ are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, with hydrogen and oxygen occurring at a 2:1 ratio.
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides are also known as simple ________.
Monosaccharides are also known as simple ________.
sugars
Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, and ________.
Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, and ________.
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Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are bonded together, eliminating a ________ molecule.
Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are bonded together, eliminating a ________ molecule.
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Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides connected through ________ bonds.
Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides connected through ________ bonds.
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Storage polysaccharides, like starch in plants and glycogen in animals, serve as energy reserves, while structural polysaccharides like cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin provide ______ support.
Storage polysaccharides, like starch in plants and glycogen in animals, serve as energy reserves, while structural polysaccharides like cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin provide ______ support.
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Examples of complex carbohydrates include cellobiose, rutinose, amylose, cellulose, and dextrin, which are found in foods such as apples, broccoli, lentils, spinach, unrefined whole grains, and ______ rice.
Examples of complex carbohydrates include cellobiose, rutinose, amylose, cellulose, and dextrin, which are found in foods such as apples, broccoli, lentils, spinach, unrefined whole grains, and ______ rice.
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Non-digestible complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, are known as ______.
Non-digestible complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, are known as ______.
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Fiber encourages healthy bacterial growth in the colon and acts as a bulking agent, easing ______.
Fiber encourages healthy bacterial growth in the colon and acts as a bulking agent, easing ______.
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Carbohydrates are essential for maintaining proper bodily functions, such as energy production, blood glucose control, and immune system ______.
Carbohydrates are essential for maintaining proper bodily functions, such as energy production, blood glucose control, and immune system ______.
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It is crucial to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of carbohydrate sources to provide sustained energy and avoid nutrient ______.
It is crucial to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of carbohydrate sources to provide sustained energy and avoid nutrient ______.
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Study Notes
Biomolecules: Focus on Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are one of the three primary macronutrients, alongside protein and fat, that supply energy to living organisms. These molecules are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, with hydrogen and oxygen occurring at a 2:1 ratio. Carbohydrates play essential roles in the human body, including energy production, blood glucose and insulin metabolism, and cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism.
Carbohydrates are categorized into three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates. They contain three to seven carbon atoms and are typically composed of three to five hydroxyl groups (OH) and one carbonyl group (C=O). Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, and fructose.
Disaccharides
Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are bonded together, eliminating a water molecule. Common examples of disaccharides include sucrose (glucose and fructose), lactose (glucose and galactose), and maltose (two glucose molecules).
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides connected through glycosidic bonds. They are further divided into storage polysaccharides and structural polysaccharides. Storage polysaccharides, like starch in plants and glycogen in animals, serve as energy reserves, while structural polysaccharides like cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin provide structural support.
Complex Carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates contain a large number of glucose molecules, providing a more gradual increase in blood sugar levels. Examples of complex carbohydrates include cellobiose, rutinose, amylose, cellulose, and dextrin, which are found in foods such as apples, broccoli, lentils, spinach, unrefined whole grains, and brown rice.
Fiber
Non-digestible complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, are known as fiber. Fiber encourages healthy bacterial growth in the colon and acts as a bulking agent, easing defecation.
Carbohydrates are essential for maintaining proper bodily functions, such as energy production, blood glucose control, and immune system support. However, it is crucial to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of carbohydrate sources to provide sustained energy and avoid nutrient deficiencies.
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Description
Explore the different types of carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and learn about their essential roles in the human body. Understand the functions of complex carbohydrates, fiber, and the importance of consuming a balanced diet for optimal health.
