24 Questions
Which amino acids can be converted to pyruvate or an intermediate in the citric cycle, and then to glucose?
Alanine
During fasting or carbohydrate limiting conditions, what happens to oxaloacetate in the liver?
It is depleted due to its use in gluconeogenesis
What is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals?
Glycogen
Which hormone stimulates glycogen production?
Insulin
What inhibits glycogen production?
Epinephrine
Which hormone stimulates glycogenolysis?
Glucagon
What inhibits glycogenolysis?
Insulin
What are the normal fasting glucose levels?
70-99 mg/dL
What fasting glucose level range indicates pre-diabetes?
100-124 mg/dL
What is the main treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
Insulin, monitoring food intake, and exercise
What metabolic state is associated with high concentrations of ketone bodies?
Ketoacidosis
In Type 2 diabetes, what do target tissues fail to do appropriately?
Respond to insulin
What is the primary function of ketone bodies?
Used as an energy source when glucose is limited
Which metabolic pathway results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates?
Gluconeogenesis
What is the main source of glucose during gluconeogenesis?
Amino acids from protein breakdown
What happens when glucose is limited in the body?
Amino acids can be used to make glucose
Where does gluconeogenesis primarily occur?
Liver and kidney
What is the consequence of limited fluid intake and high ketone production?
Ketosis
In what form are excess ketone bodies eliminated from the body?
Through urine
What happens to acetyl CoA when oxaloacetate is limited?
Converted into ketone bodies
What is the energy status of the process of gluconeogenesis?
Energy requiring process
Which organs can use ketone bodies as an energy source?
Heart, muscle, kidney, and brain
What is the fate of excess ketone bodies when fluid intake is low?
Excreted by urine
How are fatty acids utilized when glucose is limited?
Converted into ketone bodies
Test your knowledge of carbohydrates with this quiz! Explore the chemical composition, digestion, metabolic function, and regulation of carbohydrates. Also, delve into cellular respiration, ATP production, and gluconeogenesis.
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