Carbohydrates Overview and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What are carbohydrates?

Saccharides or sugars, either single monomeric units or polymeric chains.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

  • Lactose
  • Starch
  • Sucrose
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler forms.

    False

    What are the components from which carbohydrates are formed?

    <p>Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkage is formed in lactose?

    <p>β-1→4 glycosidic linkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysaccharides?

    <p>Condensation products of more than ten monosaccharide units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is starch primarily composed of?

    <p>α-glucose units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a homopolysaccharide?

    <p>Starch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following carbohydrates with their types:

    <p>Glucose = Monosaccharide Sucrose = Disaccharide Starch = Polysaccharide Maltose = Disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates are organic compounds also known as saccharides, sugars or sugar units with varying structures:
      • Monosaccharides: Simple sugar monomers like glucose and fructose
      • Disaccharides: Sugar polymers formed from two monomers including sucrose, maltose, and lactose
      • Polysaccharides: Sugar polymers with over ten monomers including glycogen, starch, amylopectin, dextrins, and cellulose.

    Classification of Carbohydrates

    • Monosaccharides can be classified by:
      • Number of Carbon Atoms: Trioses (3C), Tetroses (4C), Pentoses (5C), Hexoses (6C)
      • Functional Group: Aldoses (contain an aldehyde group) or Ketoses (contain a ketone group)

    Examples of Monosaccharides

    • Trioses:

      • Glyceraldehyde (Aldose)
      • Dihydroxyacetone (Ketose)
    • Tetroses:

      • Erythrose (Aldose)
      • Erythrulose (Ketose)
    • Pentoses:

      • Ribose
      • Deoxyribose
      • Ribulose
    • Hexoses:

      • Glucose
      • Galactose
      • Mannose
      • Fructose

    Disaccharides

    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharide units.

    Examples of Disaccharides

    • Maltose: A disaccharide that upon hydrolysis yields two glucose molecules.
    • Sucrose: Also known as cane sugar, beet sugar or table sugar. Sucrose is formed by the condensation of glucose and fructose.
    • Lactose: Also known as milk sugar. Lactose is a disaccharide that forms upon the condensation of galactose and glucose.

    Oligosaccharides

    • Condensation products of two to ten monosaccharides.

    Polysaccharides

    • Condensation products of more than ten monosaccharides. They can be either linear or branched polymers.
    • Important examples:
      • Starch
      • Glycogen
      • Dextrins
      • Cellulose

    Homopolysaccharides

    • Starch:

      • A homopolysaccharide formed from a-glucose units.
      • The main carbohydrate present in plants like barley, rice, maize, wheat, and potatoes.
      • Not present in animal tissues.
      • Exists in granules.
    • Dextrins:

      • Produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch.

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    Carbohydrate Lec 1-2 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of carbohydrates, including their definitions, classifications, and examples of monosaccharides. You'll explore the different types of sugar units, from simple glucose to complex polysaccharides. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of these essential organic compounds.

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