Carbohydrates Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the general formula of carbohydrates?

  • C6H12O6
  • C5H10O5
  • CnH2nOn (correct)
  • C4H8O4

What is the importance of carbohydrates?

Main source of energy, important part of nucleic acids, make up about ¾ of the dry weight of plants

Which of the following are types of carbohydrates?

  • Monosaccharides (correct)
  • Glucose derivatives
  • Disaccharides (correct)
  • Polysaccharides (correct)

Carbohydrates can only exist in the form of a long chain structure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

<p>C6H12O6</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.
  • Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones with multiple -OH groups.
  • They can exist as long chains or ring structures.
  • The general formula for carbohydrates is CnH2nOn, where "n" is the number of carbon atoms.
  • Glucose, with six carbon atoms, has the formula C6H12O6.
  • Carbohydrates are crucial components of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
  • Ribose and deoxyribose are carbohydrates found in nucleic acids.

Subcategories of Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides consist of a single sugar unit.
  • Disaccharides consist of two sugar units.
  • Oligosaccharides consist of three to ten sugar units.
  • Polysaccharides consist of over ten sugar units.

Function of Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the body.
  • Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
  • Carbohydrates make up approximately 75% of the dry weight of plants.

Chemical Structure of Carbohydrates

  • Aldoses have an aldehyde group (H-C=O).
  • Ketoses have a ketone group (C=O).

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