26 Questions
What term is used to describe a single sugar molecule?
Monosaccharide
What are disaccharides and polysaccharides collectively known as?
Complex carbohydrates
Where are the enzymes for hydrolysis of carbohydrates located?
Villi in the brush border of the small intestine
What type of intolerance is commonly associated with celiac disease?
Lactose intolerance
What does glucose primarily serve as at a cellular level?
Fuel
How are disaccharides and polysaccharides utilized at a cellular level?
They are hydrolyzed into single sugar molecules
What is the principal source of energy for mammalian cells?
Glucose
Which hormone is most important in glucose metabolism?
Insulin
What is the main cause of hypoglycemia in neonates?
Decreased production of glucose
What does sustained hyperglycemia cause?
Formation of Amadori products
What is responsible for the side-effects associated with diabetes mellitus?
Advanced glycation end products (AGE)
Which hormone opposes the action of insulin and increases blood glucose?
All of the above
What mediates insulin resistance in critical care patients?
All of the above
What effect does sodium fluoride have on glucose concentrations in samples?
It decreases glucose concentrations
What causes hyperglycemia in critical care patients?
All of the above
What does hyperglycemia cause in critical care patients?
Poor outcome
What happens to serum glucose values if not separated from the cellular constituents of blood?
They decrease rapidly
What is the reversible change that occurs with sustained hyperglycemia?
Formation of Amadori products
What did the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus recommend based on fasting plasma glucose concentration, HbA1c or 2-hOGTT?
Grouping individuals into three categories
What is the purpose of identifying approximate thresholds for blood glucose values?
To assess the risk of future adverse events
What parameter was recommended for categorizing individuals by the Expert Committee?
Fasting plasma glucose concentration
What do blood glucose values represent in the population?
A continuum
What is the purpose of categorizing individuals based on their blood glucose values?
To identify the risk of future adverse events
Which parameter was recommended by the Expert Committee for categorizing individuals?
All of the above
What is the reversible change that occurs with sustained hyperglycemia?
Impaired glucose tolerance
What is the most important hormone in glucose metabolism?
Insulin
Test your knowledge of carbohydrates and saccharides with this quiz. Learn about the chemical configurations of carbohydrates and the different types of saccharides. Understand the importance of carbohydrates in a healthy diet.
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