Carbohydrates and Saccharides
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe a single sugar molecule?

  • Disaccharide
  • Monosaccharide (correct)
  • Cellulose
  • Polysaccharide

What are disaccharides and polysaccharides collectively known as?

  • Simple sugars
  • Complex carbohydrates (correct)
  • Cellulose
  • Lactose

Where are the enzymes for hydrolysis of carbohydrates located?

  • Stomach lining
  • Villi in the brush border of the small intestine (correct)
  • Large intestine
  • Liver

What type of intolerance is commonly associated with celiac disease?

<p>Lactose intolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does glucose primarily serve as at a cellular level?

<p>Fuel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are disaccharides and polysaccharides utilized at a cellular level?

<p>They are hydrolyzed into single sugar molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal source of energy for mammalian cells?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is most important in glucose metabolism?

<p>Insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of hypoglycemia in neonates?

<p>Decreased production of glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sustained hyperglycemia cause?

<p>Formation of Amadori products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the side-effects associated with diabetes mellitus?

<p>Advanced glycation end products (AGE) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone opposes the action of insulin and increases blood glucose?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mediates insulin resistance in critical care patients?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sodium fluoride have on glucose concentrations in samples?

<p>It decreases glucose concentrations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes hyperglycemia in critical care patients?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperglycemia cause in critical care patients?

<p>Poor outcome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to serum glucose values if not separated from the cellular constituents of blood?

<p>They decrease rapidly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reversible change that occurs with sustained hyperglycemia?

<p>Formation of Amadori products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus recommend based on fasting plasma glucose concentration, HbA1c or 2-hOGTT?

<p>Grouping individuals into three categories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying approximate thresholds for blood glucose values?

<p>To assess the risk of future adverse events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What parameter was recommended for categorizing individuals by the Expert Committee?

<p>Fasting plasma glucose concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do blood glucose values represent in the population?

<p>A continuum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of categorizing individuals based on their blood glucose values?

<p>To identify the risk of future adverse events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter was recommended by the Expert Committee for categorizing individuals?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reversible change that occurs with sustained hyperglycemia?

<p>Impaired glucose tolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important hormone in glucose metabolism?

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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