Carbohydrates and Saccharides
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe a single sugar molecule?

  • Disaccharide
  • Monosaccharide (correct)
  • Cellulose
  • Polysaccharide

    • What are disaccharides and polysaccharides collectively known as?

  • Simple sugars
  • Complex carbohydrates (correct)
  • Cellulose
  • Lactose

    • Where are the enzymes for hydrolysis of carbohydrates located?

  • Stomach lining
  • Villi in the brush border of the small intestine (correct)
  • Large intestine
  • Liver

    • What type of intolerance is commonly associated with celiac disease?

    <p>Lactose intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does glucose primarily serve as at a cellular level?

    <p>Fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are disaccharides and polysaccharides utilized at a cellular level?

    <p>They are hydrolyzed into single sugar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal source of energy for mammalian cells?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is most important in glucose metabolism?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hypoglycemia in neonates?

    <p>Decreased production of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustained hyperglycemia cause?

    <p>Formation of Amadori products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the side-effects associated with diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Advanced glycation end products (AGE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone opposes the action of insulin and increases blood glucose?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mediates insulin resistance in critical care patients?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sodium fluoride have on glucose concentrations in samples?

    <p>It decreases glucose concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hyperglycemia in critical care patients?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyperglycemia cause in critical care patients?

    <p>Poor outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to serum glucose values if not separated from the cellular constituents of blood?

    <p>They decrease rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reversible change that occurs with sustained hyperglycemia?

    <p>Formation of Amadori products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus recommend based on fasting plasma glucose concentration, HbA1c or 2-hOGTT?

    <p>Grouping individuals into three categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying approximate thresholds for blood glucose values?

    <p>To assess the risk of future adverse events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter was recommended for categorizing individuals by the Expert Committee?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do blood glucose values represent in the population?

    <p>A continuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of categorizing individuals based on their blood glucose values?

    <p>To identify the risk of future adverse events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter was recommended by the Expert Committee for categorizing individuals?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reversible change that occurs with sustained hyperglycemia?

    <p>Impaired glucose tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important hormone in glucose metabolism?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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