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Questions and Answers
What type of isomers are Aldose-Ketose isomers?
What type of isomers are Aldose-Ketose isomers?
- Structural isomers
- Geometric isomers
- Stereoisomers
- Functional group isomers (correct)
Aldose-Ketose isomers have different carbon skeletons.
Aldose-Ketose isomers have different carbon skeletons.
False (B)
What do Aldose-Ketose isomers differ in?
What do Aldose-Ketose isomers differ in?
Their functional groups (aldehyde and ketone).
Aldose-Ketose isomers specifically involve the functional groups of __________ and __________.
Aldose-Ketose isomers specifically involve the functional groups of __________ and __________.
Match the following terms to their descriptions:
Match the following terms to their descriptions:
Which of the following is an example of a non-reducing disaccharide?
Which of the following is an example of a non-reducing disaccharide?
All disaccharides are reducing sugars.
All disaccharides are reducing sugars.
Name one type of reducing disaccharide.
Name one type of reducing disaccharide.
An example of a reducing disaccharide is __________.
An example of a reducing disaccharide is __________.
Match each type of disaccharide with its characteristic:
Match each type of disaccharide with its characteristic:
Which of the following describes a nucleoside?
Which of the following describes a nucleoside?
Cardiac glycosides are solely composed of sugars.
Cardiac glycosides are solely composed of sugars.
Name a common example of a cardiac glycoside.
Name a common example of a cardiac glycoside.
A glycoside consists of a sugar plus an aglycone, which can be a __________.
A glycoside consists of a sugar plus an aglycone, which can be a __________.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
What is the key requirement when connecting anomeric carbons of two sugars?
What is the key requirement when connecting anomeric carbons of two sugars?
Anomeric carbons must be free in order to connect two sugars.
Anomeric carbons must be free in order to connect two sugars.
What happens if both sugars have free anomeric carbons?
What happens if both sugars have free anomeric carbons?
When connecting two sugars, the connection is made from the anomeric carbon of one sugar to the non-anomeric carbon of the ______.
When connecting two sugars, the connection is made from the anomeric carbon of one sugar to the non-anomeric carbon of the ______.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
What is the effect of the replacement of hyaluronic acid by dermatan sulfate in synovial fluid?
What is the effect of the replacement of hyaluronic acid by dermatan sulfate in synovial fluid?
The hyaluronidase enzyme hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue.
The hyaluronidase enzyme hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue.
What is the role of hyaluronidase enzyme in connective tissue?
What is the role of hyaluronidase enzyme in connective tissue?
Due to the replacement of hyaluronic acid by ______ in synovial fluid, dermatan is not a good lubricant.
Due to the replacement of hyaluronic acid by ______ in synovial fluid, dermatan is not a good lubricant.
Match the following components with their functions:
Match the following components with their functions:
Study Notes
Aldose-Ketose Isomers
- Aldose-ketose isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula, carbon skeleton, and substituent group position but differ in their functional groups (aldehyde or ketone).
- Examples include glycosides such as nucleosides (ribose or deoxyribose + nitrogenous base) and cardiac glycoside (sugar + steroid).
Disaccharides
- Disaccharides can be classified into two types: reducing and non-reducing.
- Reducing disaccharides have a free anomeric carbon that can be involved in oxidation-reduction reactions.
- Non-reducing disaccharides lack a free anomeric carbon as both anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond.
Anomeric Carbon
- The anomeric carbon of a sugar can be linked to the anomeric carbon of another sugar, forming a disaccharide.
- In a reducing disaccharide, one anomeric carbon remains free, allowing it to be oxidized.
- In a non-reducing disaccharide, both anomeric carbons are linked, preventing oxidation.
Hyaluronic Acid and Dermatan Sulfate
- Hyaluronic acid is a major component of synovial fluid, contributing to its lubricating properties.
- Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan found in connective tissue.
- Replacement of hyaluronic acid with dermatan sulfate in synovial fluid reduces lubrication efficiency..
Hyaluronidase Enzyme
- Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue.
- This enzyme is also known as the spreading factor because it can break down hyaluronic acid, increasing the permeability of tissues.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of aldose-ketose isomers, disaccharides, and the role of the anomeric carbon in carbohydrate chemistry. It highlights the differences between reducing and non-reducing disaccharides and their chemical properties. Test your knowledge on these essential carbohydrate structures and their functions.
