16 Questions
What advantage does the aerobic oxidation of nutrients provide to aerobic organisms?
It yields a substantially greater amount of energy than fermentation
Why are toxic metabolites formed due to the use of oxygen by aerobic organisms?
Because oxygen is a highly reactive molecule
Which condition can overwhelm an organism's antioxidant mechanisms?
Abnormally stressful conditions
What are known to be caused in part by oxygen metabolites?
Cancer, heart disease, and nerve damage following spinal cord injuries
What property of oxygen allows for a highly favorable mechanism for extracting energy from organic molecules?
Oxygen diffuses easily across cell membranes
Why does the aerobic oxidation of nutrients yield a substantially greater amount of energy than fermentation?
Because oxygen is an electron acceptor
Where does the electron transport chain take place in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
What is the main function of the electron transport chain?
Transferring electrons to oxygen
Which electron transport complex transfers electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q?
Complex-I
What is the primary role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
Accepting electrons from reduced coenzymes
Which organisms are relatively simple in structure and occupy only isolated ecological niches due to their energy generation method?
Anaerobic chemoorganotrophs
What is the effect of each sequential redox reaction in the electron transport chain?
An electron loses energy
What is the source of electrons for the electron transport chain?
Reduced coenzymes
Which molecule acts as the terminal acceptor of electrons extracted from fuel molecules in aerobic eukaryotic cells?
$O_2$
What is responsible for another property of oxygen, its tendency to form highly destructive metabolites?
Its capacity to accept electrons and form highly reactive substances
What do aerobic organisms use as the terminal acceptor of the electrons extracted from fuel molecules?
$O_2$
This quiz covers the topic of carbohydrate metabolism, focusing on the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. It includes information from Dr. Asmaa Mostafa Bayoumi's lecture at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, with reference to the book 'Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life' by McKee&McKee. Topics include aerobic oxidation and the advantages provided by the use of oxygen by aerobic organisms.
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