Carbohydrate Metabolism Lecture 5: Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Questions and Answers

What advantage does the aerobic oxidation of nutrients provide to aerobic organisms?

  • It produces fewer toxic metabolites than fermentation
  • It does not require the use of enzymes or antioxidant molecules
  • It requires less oxygen than fermentation
  • It yields a substantially greater amount of energy than fermentation (correct)

    • Why are toxic metabolites formed due to the use of oxygen by aerobic organisms?

  • Because oxygen is a highly reactive molecule (correct)
  • Because oxygen can only be used in abnormally stressful conditions
  • Because oxygen is not found almost everywhere on the Earth's surface
  • Because oxygen diffuses easily across cell membranes

    • Which condition can overwhelm an organism's antioxidant mechanisms?

  • Use of charged species like sulfate and nitrate
  • Normal functioning of the organism
  • Abnormally stressful conditions (correct)
  • Absence of oxygen

    • What are known to be caused in part by oxygen metabolites?

    <p>Cancer, heart disease, and nerve damage following spinal cord injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of oxygen allows for a highly favorable mechanism for extracting energy from organic molecules?

    <p>Oxygen diffuses easily across cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the aerobic oxidation of nutrients yield a substantially greater amount of energy than fermentation?

    <p>Because oxygen is an electron acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the electron transport chain take place in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Transferring electrons to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electron transport complex transfers electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q?

    <p>Complex-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Accepting electrons from reduced coenzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are relatively simple in structure and occupy only isolated ecological niches due to their energy generation method?

    <p>Anaerobic chemoorganotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of each sequential redox reaction in the electron transport chain?

    <p>An electron loses energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of electrons for the electron transport chain?

    <p>Reduced coenzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule acts as the terminal acceptor of electrons extracted from fuel molecules in aerobic eukaryotic cells?

    <p>$O_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for another property of oxygen, its tendency to form highly destructive metabolites?

    <p>Its capacity to accept electrons and form highly reactive substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do aerobic organisms use as the terminal acceptor of the electrons extracted from fuel molecules?

    <p>$O_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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