Carbohydrate Metabolism and Glycolysis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where does glycolysis occur in cells?

  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Cytosol (correct)
  • What is the primary fuel source for erythrocytes?

  • Lipids
  • Amino Acids
  • Proteins
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Which enzyme complex is required for glucose oxidation beyond pyruvate?

  • Hexokinase
  • Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (correct)
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate Kinase
  • What may account for the high rate of glycolysis in cancer cells?

    <p>Elevated levels of GAPDH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might methylglyoxal inhibit GAPDH in cancer cells but not in normal cells?

    <p>Variations in Enzyme Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of skeletal muscle in storing glycogen?

    <p>Synthesizing muscle protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During gluconeogenesis in the liver, what substrates can be converted to glucose?

    <p>Lactate and pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario does skeletal muscle perform at very high levels of work output using glycolysis?

    <p>Under Anaerobic Conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process maintains blood glucose levels between meals?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most of the metabolic pathways like glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis occur within the muscle cell?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In starvation, what percentage of energy needs of the brain can be met by ketone bodies?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue has the most substantial requirement for glucose?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major fuel for most tissues?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway metabolizes glucose to pyruvate?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor of fatty acids and cholesterol?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process utilizes glucose as a fuel in skeletal muscle?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does aerobic metabolism of glucose in tissues form?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glycolysis in fast-growing cancer cells?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?

    <p>Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes lactic acidosis in some scenarios?

    <p>Impaired activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule allosterically inhibits hexokinase in glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for much of the hypermetabolism seen in cancer cachexia?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions does mitochondrial re-oxidation of NADH formed during glycolysis become impaired?

    <p>Low oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits enolase?

    <p>Fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is pyruvate kinase reaction irreversible under physiological conditions?

    <p>Due to the involvement of large free energy change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates the oxidation of NADH under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pyruvate under aerobic conditions?

    <p>Decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is Enolase dependent on for its activity?

    <p>Mn2+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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