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Questions and Answers
What is the most significant fuel for a fetus?
Where in the digestive system does chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin?
Which enzyme is NOT involved in carbohydrate digestion in the intestine?
Which monosaccharide is absorbed via carrier-mediated transport?
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What is the main product of gluconeogenesis?
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What are the end products of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
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Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen to glucose?
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Which transportation mechanism is used for the absorption of pentoses?
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What is the primary source of glucose in the body?
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Where does the digestion of carbohydrates continue after the mouth?
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What is the mechanism of absorption of galactose in the intestine?
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What is the net energy yield of glycolysis under aerobic conditions?
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What is the source of glucose in gluconeogenesis?
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What is the process of breaking down glucose to produce pyruvate or lactate?
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What is the role of salivary amylase in the digestion of carbohydrates?
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What is the result of glycolysis under aerobic conditions?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
- Glucose is the most important dietary carbohydrate absorbed through the intestine into the blood.
- It is the major metabolic fuel and a universal fuel for the fetus.
- Glucose is stored in the liver as liver glycogen and in muscle as muscle glycogen.
Digestion Process
- In the mouth, both chemical and mechanical digestion occur, with salivary amylase breaking down carbohydrates.
- In the stomach, there are no active carbohydrate-splitting enzymes, and no chemical digestion occurs.
- In the intestine, pancreatic juice contains pancreatic amylase, and intestinal juice contains intestinal amylase, both breaking down carbohydrates.
Absorption of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are absorbed by the intestine and reach the blood.
- Glucose is absorbed through active transport mechanism.
- Galactose is absorbed through active transport mechanism.
- Fructose is absorbed through carrier-mediated transport mechanism.
- Pentoses are absorbed through simple diffusion.
Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis, and Glycogenesis
- Glycolysis is the process of glucose breakdown to produce pyruvate or lactate, releasing energy.
- Aerobic conditions yield 7 ATPs, while anaerobic conditions yield 2 ATPs.
- Gluconeogenesis is the process of glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrate sources, including glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and glucogenic amino acids.
- Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
- Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose.
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Description
This quiz covers the process of carbohydrate digestion, absorption, and storage in the body, including the role of enzymes and glycogen storage.
