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Questions and Answers
What does capitalism primarily prioritize in its economic system?
What does capitalism primarily prioritize in its economic system?
- State control of all industries
- Equal distribution of wealth
- Wage-labour as a dominant form of work (correct)
- Collective ownership of property
Which of the following best describes the impact of capitalism in the 19th Century?
Which of the following best describes the impact of capitalism in the 19th Century?
- It eliminated classes in society.
- It established universal property rights for all individuals.
- It led to the rise of socialism in the struggle for human rights. (correct)
- It created equal opportunities for all laborers.
What is a primary criticism of capitalism as indicated in the content?
What is a primary criticism of capitalism as indicated in the content?
- It promotes too much government intervention.
- It tends to produce inequality based on class. (correct)
- It restricts individual freedoms excessively.
- It favors rural over urban employment.
In the context of the content, who are the two primary classes identified within capitalism?
In the context of the content, who are the two primary classes identified within capitalism?
Which event is taking place on October 10th as mentioned in the announcements?
Which event is taking place on October 10th as mentioned in the announcements?
What major sociocultural changes were initiated by the Industrial Revolution?
What major sociocultural changes were initiated by the Industrial Revolution?
What was the primary concern of capitalists and the middle classes regarding the Paris Commune?
What was the primary concern of capitalists and the middle classes regarding the Paris Commune?
Which of the following best describes positive rights?
Which of the following best describes positive rights?
What did the International Working Men's Association aim to achieve?
What did the International Working Men's Association aim to achieve?
What was a key effect of mechanization during the Industrial Revolution?
What was a key effect of mechanization during the Industrial Revolution?
What concept does the phrase 'Peace, because its national ruler will be everywhere the same – Labour' reflect?
What concept does the phrase 'Peace, because its national ruler will be everywhere the same – Labour' reflect?
How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure?
How did the Industrial Revolution affect family structure?
What symbolized hopes for a world without exploitation among workers after the Paris Commune?
What symbolized hopes for a world without exploitation among workers after the Paris Commune?
What was one significant victory related to labor practices by the end of the 19th century?
What was one significant victory related to labor practices by the end of the 19th century?
Which of the following describes the shift in political ideologies concerning human rights by the end of the 19th century?
Which of the following describes the shift in political ideologies concerning human rights by the end of the 19th century?
What challenge was noted regarding labor rights by the end of the 19th century?
What challenge was noted regarding labor rights by the end of the 19th century?
How does the concept of indivisibility relate to human rights?
How does the concept of indivisibility relate to human rights?
What was a consequence of the radical anti-capitalist agenda by the end of the 19th century?
What was a consequence of the radical anti-capitalist agenda by the end of the 19th century?
What role did the International Labour Organization (ILO) play beginning in 1919?
What role did the International Labour Organization (ILO) play beginning in 1919?
Which factor contributed to a shift towards state-centrism in labor rights?
Which factor contributed to a shift towards state-centrism in labor rights?
What was addressed in the communication from the IWA to students in Paris in 1966?
What was addressed in the communication from the IWA to students in Paris in 1966?
Study Notes
Capitalism and its Limits
- Capitalism is the dominant economic system in the world where wage labor is the primary form of work and property is privately owned.
- Capitalism produces inequality based on class: bourgeoisie and proletariat.
- The Industrial Revolution in England and then elsewhere (18th-19th Century):
- Increased urbanization.
- Changed family structures.
- Contributed to mechanization and the modern factory system.
- Gave rise to pollution.
- Created a clear distinction between work time and leisure time.
International Workingmen's Association
- The International Workingmen's Association (IWA) was founded in 1864 in Geneva.
- The IWA believed that a new society was arising, based on labor instead of capital, with international peace as a central goal.
- Karl Marx saw the International Working Class as the pioneer of this new society.
The Paris Commune
- The Paris Commune (1871) was seen as a threat to the established order by capitalists and the middle class.
- The Paris Commune gave hope to workers for a world without exploitation and injustice, inspiring an international worker-led movement for rights.
Positive Rights
- Positive rights require active action from others, especially the state, to be fulfilled
- Positive rights are essential for ensuring human dignity and full participation in society.
Victories and Challenges of the 19th Century
- Victories in the fight for workers’ rights:
- Restriction of certain labor practices.
- Introduction of a 10-hour and then 8-hour workday.
- Establishment of special labour rights for women and children.
- Challenges:
- The rise of the nation-state and state-centrism.
- The loss of radical anti-capitalist agendas to reforms.
- The embedding of socialist vs. liberal notions of rights within Cold War politics.
The International Labour Organization (ILO)
- The International Labour Organization (ILO) was created in 1919.
Indivisibility of Human Rights
- The IWA letter in 1966 argued that the denial of human rights is a violation of all rights.
- All human rights are interconnected and equally important. They should not be separated or divided.
- The lack of any one right signifies the lack of all rights.
Socialist Calls for Human Rights
- Socialist calls for human rights are not solely focused on economic and social rights. This is supported by the indivisibility of rights and the interconnected nature of rights.
- Ishay highlights that socialist calls for human rights acknowledge the interconnected nature of all rights.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of capitalism, its limitations, and social inequalities resulting from wage labor. Delve into the formation of the International Workingmen's Association and the significance of the Paris Commune in 1871 as a revolutionary response to capitalist structures. This quiz will test your understanding of these critical historical movements.
