Capillary Quiz

Capillaries are the smallest ______ vessels in the body

Capillaries are composed of only the tunica intima, consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous ______ cells

Capillary comes from the Latin word capillaris, meaning 'of or resembling hair', with use in English beginning in the mid-17th ______

Blood flows from the heart through arteries, which branch and narrow into arterioles, and then branch further into ______ where nutrients and wastes are exchanged

Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules, forming an intricate network that supplies tissues and organs with nutrients and removes waste products.

Metarterioles in the mesentery act as an intermediary between arterioles and capillaries, influencing blood flow regulation.

Capillaries are part of the ______, and the number of capillaries in a tissue correlates with its metabolic activity.

There are two types of capillaries: ______, which branch from arterioles, and sinusoids, found in specific organs like the liver and bone marrow.

Lymphatic capillaries, larger than blood capillaries, have closed ends and higher oncotic pressure due to greater plasma protein concentration.

Blood capillaries are classified into ______ types, each with distinct characteristics and locations in the body.

Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are the processes through which new capillaries are formed during early embryonic development.

The ______ facilitates the exchange of substances, allowing for bidirectional transport of molecules through transcellular and paracellular mechanisms.

Capillary beds can regulate their blood flow autonomously, maintaining constant flow despite changes in central blood pressure through myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback.

In the ______, capillaries adapt to increased blood flow during exercise by recruiting and distending, allowing increased flow and decreased resistance.

Extreme exercise can strain capillaries, potentially leading to vulnerability and damage.

Capillaries play a crucial role in the ______, providing essential functions such as nutrient exchange, blood flow regulation, and adaptation to physiological demands.

Capillary permeability can be increased by the release of certain ______

The Starling equation defines the forces across a semipermeable membrane and allows calculation of the net flux: $J_v = K_f [ ( P_c - P_i ) - \sigma ( \pi_c - \pi_i ) ]$, where: ( P_c - P_i ) - \sigma ( \pi_c - \pi_i ) is the net driving force, $K_f$ is the proportionality constant, and $J_v$ is the net fluid movement between compartments.

By convention, outward force is defined as ______, and inward force is defined as ______.

The solution to the equation is known as the net filtration or net fluid movement (Jv). If positive, fluid will tend to leave the capillary (filtration). If negative, fluid will tend to enter the capillary (absorption).

According to Starling's equation, the movement of fluid depends on six variables: Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure (Pi) Capillary oncotic pressure (πc) Interstitial oncotic pressure (πi) Filtration coefficient (Kf) Reflection coefficient (σ)

The transport mechanisms can be further quantified by the ______ equation.

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) is one of the variables in the Starling equation that affects the movement of fluid.

Starling's equation has a number of important physiologic implications, especially when pathologic processes grossly alter one or more of the variables.