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Questions and Answers
What is the density of fat-free tissues?
What is the density of fat-free tissues?
- 1.1 g/mL (correct)
- 0.9 g/mL
- 1.2 g/mL
- 1.0 g/mL
What is the volume fraction of formed elements in the blood, known as hematocrit?
What is the volume fraction of formed elements in the blood, known as hematocrit?
- 0.25
- 0.55
- 0.45 (correct)
- 0.35
What is the approximate length of the vasculature in the body?
What is the approximate length of the vasculature in the body?
- 15,000 km
- 19,000 km (correct)
- 9,000 km
- 12,000 km
What happens to the volume of distribution (Vd) when there is stronger binding to tissue proteins and membranes?
What happens to the volume of distribution (Vd) when there is stronger binding to tissue proteins and membranes?
How does stronger binding to plasma proteins affect the volume of distribution (Vd)?
How does stronger binding to plasma proteins affect the volume of distribution (Vd)?
What is the range of the volume of distribution values (Vd) represented on a logarithmic scale?
What is the range of the volume of distribution values (Vd) represented on a logarithmic scale?
What does Vd represent in terms of drug distribution?
What does Vd represent in terms of drug distribution?
For the standard patient, if VP = 3 L, what is the ratio of drug amounts in plasma to tissues for a dose of 100 mg?
For the standard patient, if VP = 3 L, what is the ratio of drug amounts in plasma to tissues for a dose of 100 mg?
What is the effect of protein binding in tissues on the volume of distribution (Vd)?
What is the effect of protein binding in tissues on the volume of distribution (Vd)?
What role does protein binding play in drug metabolism and excretion?
What role does protein binding play in drug metabolism and excretion?
What happens to the volume of distribution (Vd) if binding occurs in plasma?
What happens to the volume of distribution (Vd) if binding occurs in plasma?
What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?
What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?
Which component of blood receives 100% of cardiac output?
Which component of blood receives 100% of cardiac output?
What is the minimum value of Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
What is the minimum value of Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
Which organ has the highest capillary density?
Which organ has the highest capillary density?
What is the composition of blood?
What is the composition of blood?
Which layer is present in capillaries?
Which layer is present in capillaries?
What affects Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
What affects Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
What is the function of glycocalyx in capillaries?
What is the function of glycocalyx in capillaries?
What is the volume of blood in large veins?
What is the volume of blood in large veins?
What is the impact of distance of living cells from capillaries on drug absorption and distribution?
What is the impact of distance of living cells from capillaries on drug absorption and distribution?
What is the number of cell layers served by a capillary influenced by?
What is the number of cell layers served by a capillary influenced by?
What is the composition of plasma in blood?
What is the composition of plasma in blood?
What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?
What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?
What is the range of the volume of distribution values (Vd) represented on a logarithmic scale?
What is the range of the volume of distribution values (Vd) represented on a logarithmic scale?
What is the density of fat-free tissues?
What is the density of fat-free tissues?
What is the impact of distance of living cells from capillaries on drug absorption and distribution?
What is the impact of distance of living cells from capillaries on drug absorption and distribution?
What is the composition of blood?
What is the composition of blood?
What is the function of glycocalyx in capillaries?
What is the function of glycocalyx in capillaries?
What is the number of cell layers served by a capillary influenced by?
What is the number of cell layers served by a capillary influenced by?
What is the volume fraction of formed elements in the blood, known as hematocrit?
What is the volume fraction of formed elements in the blood, known as hematocrit?
What is the minimum value of Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
What is the minimum value of Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
What is the impact of protein binding in tissues on the volume of distribution (Vd)?
What is the impact of protein binding in tissues on the volume of distribution (Vd)?
What is the distance of living cells from capillaries influenced by?
What is the distance of living cells from capillaries influenced by?
What is the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment?
What is the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment?
What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?
What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?
Which component of blood has the highest concentration in terms of volume?
Which component of blood has the highest concentration in terms of volume?
What is the primary structural component of capillaries?
What is the primary structural component of capillaries?
In which organ is the capillary density high?
In which organ is the capillary density high?
What is the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment?
What is the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment?
What is the minimum value for Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
What is the minimum value for Volume of Distribution (Vd)?
What affects drug absorption and distribution based on the distance of living cells from capillaries?
What affects drug absorption and distribution based on the distance of living cells from capillaries?
Which component of blood has a concentration of 5 million/μL?
Which component of blood has a concentration of 5 million/μL?
What is the primary function of capillaries?
What is the primary function of capillaries?
What influences the Volume of Distribution (Vd) in drug distribution?
What influences the Volume of Distribution (Vd) in drug distribution?
What is the average minimum diameter of capillary cross-sections?
What is the average minimum diameter of capillary cross-sections?
Which organ receives 100% of cardiac output?
Which organ receives 100% of cardiac output?
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Study Notes
Capillaries: Structure and Function
- Blood contains 8 liters (3 liters in large veins) with 50% in large veins
- Blood composition includes plasma (rich in proteins such as albumin and lipoproteins), erythrocytes (5 million/μL), leukocytes (5 thousand/μL), and platelets (500 thousand/μL)
- Capillaries consist of an endothelial layer, basement membrane, and glycocalyx
- Capillary cross-sections have an average diameter of 8 mm, with minimum and maximum diameters of 4 mm and 40 mm, respectively
- Capillary walls can be continuous, fenestrated, or discontinuous (sinusoids) with varying porosities and permeabilities
- Capillary density varies among organs, with high density in lungs and low density in muscles and fat
- Distance of living cells from capillaries affects drug absorption and distribution
- The number of cell layers served by a capillary varies by organ and impacts drug penetration
- Blood flow through organs varies, with lungs receiving 100% of cardiac output and fat and muscle receiving 0.04% and 0.03%, respectively
- Volume of Distribution (Vd) is defined as the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment
- Vd is influenced by membrane accumulation, protein binding, and organ volume, with the minimum value being the volume of plasma
- Vd can be equal to body volume in rare circumstances when certain conditions are met
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