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Capillaries
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Capillaries

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Questions and Answers

What is the density of fat-free tissues?

  • 1.1 g/mL (correct)
  • 0.9 g/mL
  • 1.2 g/mL
  • 1.0 g/mL

    • What is the volume fraction of formed elements in the blood, known as hematocrit?

  • 0.25
  • 0.55
  • 0.45 (correct)
  • 0.35

    • What is the approximate length of the vasculature in the body?

  • 15,000 km
  • 19,000 km (correct)
  • 9,000 km
  • 12,000 km

    • What happens to the volume of distribution (Vd) when there is stronger binding to tissue proteins and membranes?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does stronger binding to plasma proteins affect the volume of distribution (Vd)?

    <p>It decreases Vd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the volume of distribution values (Vd) represented on a logarithmic scale?

    <p>It has no upper limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vd represent in terms of drug distribution?

    <p>Sum of the volume of plasma (VP) and corrected volumes of organs (VOCi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the standard patient, if VP = 3 L, what is the ratio of drug amounts in plasma to tissues for a dose of 100 mg?

    <p>3:97</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein binding in tissues on the volume of distribution (Vd)?

    <p>It increases Vd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does protein binding play in drug metabolism and excretion?

    <p>Prevents drug metabolism and excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the volume of distribution (Vd) if binding occurs in plasma?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?

    <p>8 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood receives 100% of cardiac output?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum value of Volume of Distribution (Vd)?

    <p>The volume of plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ has the highest capillary density?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of blood?

    <p>Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is present in capillaries?

    <p>Endothelial layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects Volume of Distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Membrane accumulation, protein binding, organ volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycocalyx in capillaries?

    <p>It is involved in cell-cell communication and adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of blood in large veins?

    <p>3 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of distance of living cells from capillaries on drug absorption and distribution?

    <p>It affects drug absorption and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of cell layers served by a capillary influenced by?

    <p>Organ and impacts drug penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of plasma in blood?

    <p>Rich in proteins such as albumin and lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?

    <p>8 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the volume of distribution values (Vd) represented on a logarithmic scale?

    <p>0.3 to 3,000 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of fat-free tissues?

    <p>Varies among organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of distance of living cells from capillaries on drug absorption and distribution?

    <p>Affects drug absorption and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of blood?

    <p>Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycocalyx in capillaries?

    <p>Protection and lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of cell layers served by a capillary influenced by?

    <p>Organ type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume fraction of formed elements in the blood, known as hematocrit?

    <p>Varies among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum value of Volume of Distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Volume of plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of protein binding in tissues on the volume of distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Increases Vd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance of living cells from capillaries influenced by?

    <p>Blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment?

    <p>Volume of Distribution (Vd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter of capillary cross-sections?

    <p>8 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood has the highest concentration in terms of volume?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural component of capillaries?

    <p>Endothelial layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organ is the capillary density high?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment?

    <p>Volume of Distribution (Vd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum value for Volume of Distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Volume of plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects drug absorption and distribution based on the distance of living cells from capillaries?

    <p>Volume of Distribution (Vd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood has a concentration of 5 million/μL?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillaries?

    <p>Gas exchange and nutrient delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the Volume of Distribution (Vd) in drug distribution?

    <p>Protein binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average minimum diameter of capillary cross-sections?

    <p>4 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ receives 100% of cardiac output?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Capillaries: Structure and Function

    • Blood contains 8 liters (3 liters in large veins) with 50% in large veins
    • Blood composition includes plasma (rich in proteins such as albumin and lipoproteins), erythrocytes (5 million/μL), leukocytes (5 thousand/μL), and platelets (500 thousand/μL)
    • Capillaries consist of an endothelial layer, basement membrane, and glycocalyx
    • Capillary cross-sections have an average diameter of 8 mm, with minimum and maximum diameters of 4 mm and 40 mm, respectively
    • Capillary walls can be continuous, fenestrated, or discontinuous (sinusoids) with varying porosities and permeabilities
    • Capillary density varies among organs, with high density in lungs and low density in muscles and fat
    • Distance of living cells from capillaries affects drug absorption and distribution
    • The number of cell layers served by a capillary varies by organ and impacts drug penetration
    • Blood flow through organs varies, with lungs receiving 100% of cardiac output and fat and muscle receiving 0.04% and 0.03%, respectively
    • Volume of Distribution (Vd) is defined as the ratio of drug amount to drug concentration in plasma at any given moment
    • Vd is influenced by membrane accumulation, protein binding, and organ volume, with the minimum value being the volume of plasma
    • Vd can be equal to body volume in rare circumstances when certain conditions are met

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    Related Documents

    Distribution Handout.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of capillaries with this quiz on their structure and function. Explore topics such as blood composition, capillary types, density in organs, drug absorption, and volume of distribution.

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