Capacitors and Timer Circuits

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of capacitors?

  • Series and Parallel
  • Fixed and Variable
  • Linear and Non-Linear
  • Polarised and Non-Polarised (correct)

What is the unit of capacitance?

  • Ampere
  • Farad (correct)
  • Ohm
  • Volt

The farad is a commonly used unit for capacitance in electronics.

False (B)

The basic unit of capacitance is the ______.

<p>farad</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of capacitors are included in polarised capacitors?

<p>Electrolytic Capacitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

A larger resistance in a charging circuit will lead to a faster charging process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The simple RC timer circuit is widely used in practical circuits because of its reliability and accuracy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three limitations of a simple RC timer circuit.

<p>Output changes gradually, insufficient current, timing affected by the load</p> Signup and view all the answers

A buffer in an electronic circuit amplifies a signal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of circuit produces a single pulse of fixed duration when triggered?

<p>Monostable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 555 timer IC can be configured as both a monostable and an astable timer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two external components required for a monostable timer?

<p>A resistor and a capacitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the output of a monostable timer when it is triggered?

<p>The output goes high and remains high for a predetermined time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The time in seconds taken for a monostable timer to go from its triggered state to its stable state is known as the ______ time delay.

<p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formula for calculating the time delay of a monostable timer is T = 1.1 * R * C where T is in seconds, R in ohms, and C in farads.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To adjust the time delay of a monostable timer, you can change the value of the capacitor or the resistor.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for adjusting the time delay of a monostable timer?

<p>Adding a diode in parallel to the resistor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An astable circuit has a stable output state.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'square wave' refer to in the context of an astable circuit?

<p>A waveform with a rectangular shape that alternates between a high and low state for equal durations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The frequency of an astable circuit can be calculated using the formula: f = 1/(T1 + T2), where T1 is the mark time and T2 is the space time.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On an oscilloscope trace, which of the following represent the time duration the output is high?

<p>Mark (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mark/space ratio is determined by the ratio of the 'mark' time to the 'space' time in an astable circuit.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ time is the duration for which the output voltage is high, while the ______ time is the duration for which the output voltage is low.

<p>Mark, space</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capacitor

A component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.

Polarised capacitor

A capacitor that has a positive and negative terminal, and can only be charged with the correct polarity.

Non-polarised capacitor

A capacitor that does not have a polarity and can be charged in any direction.

Charging a capacitor

The process of filling a capacitor with electrical charge.

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Discharging a capacitor

The process of removing electrical charge from a capacitor.

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RC timer circuit

A capacitor is connected in series with a resistor to slow down the charging or discharging process.

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Charging time

The time it takes for a capacitor to charge to a specific voltage.

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Discharging time

The time it takes for a capacitor to discharge to a specific voltage.

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Farad (F)

A unit of capacitance, representing the charge stored per unit of voltage.

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Microfarad (µF)

One millionth of a farad, a more practical unit used for measuring capacitance.

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Monostable timer

A type of timer circuit that produces a single output pulse of a fixed duration when triggered.

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Pulse duration

The amount of time the output of a monostable timer remains high after being triggered.

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Stable state

The state of a monostable timer when it is not producing an output pulse.

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Triggered state

The state of a monostable timer when it is producing an output pulse.

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Astable timer

A circuit that continuously oscillates between two states, producing a square wave output.

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Mark time

The time the output of an astable timer is high.

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Space time

The time the output of an astable timer is low.

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Frequency

The number of cycles per second of an oscillating signal.

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Buffer

A sub-system designed to strengthen or amplify a signal, typically used to handle a load.

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Oscilloscope trace

A graphical representation of a signal's amplitude and time.

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Amplitude

The vertical height of a signal on an oscilloscope display.

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Period

The time for one complete cycle of an oscillating signal.

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Mark/space ratio

A ratio that describes the relative duration of the high and low periods of an oscillating signal.

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555 timer IC

A widely used integrated circuit (IC) used for building timers.

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555 monostable timer

A type of 555 timer application that provides a single, timed output pulse when triggered.

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555 astable timer

A type of 555 timer application that produces a continuous square wave output.

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Adjustable timing

The ability to adjust the time delay of a circuit.

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Timing tolerance

The difference between the actual time delay and the theoretical time delay.

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Timing components

The circuit components that determine the frequency of an astable timer.

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Frequency calculation

The process of calculating the frequency of an astable timer output.

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Study Notes

Capacitors

  • Two main types: polarized and non-polarized
  • Polarised capacitors include electrolytic capacitors
  • Units of capacitance measured in farads (F)
  • Often used in micro-farads (µF) (1 F = 1,000,000 µF)
  • Capacitors store charge
  • Charging a capacitor from a voltage supply is rapid
  • Including a resistor in series slows the charging process
  • Time taken to charge depends on capacitor and resistor values
  • Graph shows predictable charging, reaching supply voltage

Discharging Capacitors

  • Discharging can be slowed by using a large resistance
  • Practical timer circuits have limitations: gradual output change, small current, timing affected by load
  • Timing processing unit required to overcome these limitations
  • A buffer acts as an intermediate in signal strengthening

Practical Timer Circuits

  • Simple RC (resistor-capacitor) circuits demonstrate timer concept
  • Poorly defined timing periods
  • Limited current output
  • Limitations to driving the load

Monostable Circuits

  • Produce single pulse of fixed duration with a trigger pulse
  • 555 timer IC is common for monostable configuration
  • One stable output state (0V) until triggered, then pulses to near supply voltage
  • Time duration controlled by external resistor and capacitor components

Interpreting Oscilloscope Traces

  • Calculating period and amplitude from oscilloscope traces
  • Time base and voltage gain settings are crucial
  • Calculate mark/space duration and frequency using these settings
  • Output frequency depends on capacitor and resistor values

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GCSE Electronics: Component 2 Timing Circuits PDF

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