weather quiz, grade 8

Global winds blowing from the east to the west between 60° and 90° latitude.

West to East global winds between 30° and 60° latitude, often wet.

Global winds blowing from the east to the west between 0° and 30° latitude.

An area of little wind near the equator.

Areas of high pressure and weak winds at 30° latitude.

A high-pressure system has dry, cool, dense air creating sunny, pleasant weather. Air moves clockwise, downward, and outward.

A low-pressure system has warm, wet, less dense air, associated with stormy weather. Air moves counterclockwise, inward, and upward.

High pressure systems have winds that move clockwise and outward in a downward pattern.

Low pressure systems have counter-clockwise winds moving inward, upward, towards the center

A falling barometer indicates a low-pressure system and often relates to stormy weather as low pressure systems bring warm, wet, less dense air.

The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth, driven by solar energy and gravity.

The process of a liquid changing into a gas, like water turning into vapor.

The process where water vapor in the air changes back into liquid water, forming clouds.

Any form of water that falls from the clouds to the Earth's surface, like rain, snow, or hail.

The process of rainwater soaking into the ground, becoming groundwater.

A boundary where a fast-moving cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass, often bringing heavy rain and thunderstorms.

A boundary where a slow-moving warm air mass slides over a cold air mass, bringing widespread, gentle rain.

A boundary where two air masses meet and stay relatively still, potentially causing prolonged rain or drizzle.

A front where a faster cold front overtakes a slower warm front, trapping warm air and causing prolonged rain.

When less dense warm air rises over cooler air, it cools and condenses, leading to cloud formation and precipitation.

The amount of water vapor present in the air.

The percentage of how much water vapor the air is holding compared to how much it could hold at a given temperature.

The temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor and condensation occurs.

The height of the bottom of clouds.

The percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

Lines on a map connecting points with the same value, used to represent a field (a region with a specific characteristic like temperature or pressure).

Isolines representing different values cannot cross each other on a map.

Isolines on a map should be smooth curves, representing gradual changes in the field value.

A steep gradient indicates a rapid change in value over a short distance, shown by isolines that are close together on a map.

Isolines that represent regions with equal atmospheric pressure on a weather map.

The process where warm air rises and cools as it expands, leading to a decrease in temperature with altitude.

Tiny particles in the atmosphere (dust, salt, smoke) that water vapor attaches to, forming cloud droplets.

Horizontal movement of air caused by differences in air pressure, moving from high pressure to low pressure.

An instrument used to measure wind speed.

A circular pattern of air movement caused by temperature differences, with warm air rising and cool air sinking.

The weight of the atmosphere pressing down on a surface. The higher you go, the less pressure you feel.

Warm air rises, creating low pressure. This brings moisture, leading to clouds, rain, and storms.

Cool air sinks, creating high pressure. This leads to dry, clear weather.

The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure. This is an inverse relationship.

Air pressure is measured in millibars (mb), atmospheres (atm), inches/millimeters of mercury (inHg/mmHg), and hectopascals (hPa).

Heat transfer through direct contact, where heat travels from a hotter source to a cooler sink.

Heat transfer in fluids (liquids or gases) due to changes in temperature and density. Heated fluids rise, while cooler fluids sink, creating currents.

Heat transfer through empty space in the form of electromagnetic waves, like sunlight reaching Earth.

Convection currents are caused by the differences in density between heated and cooled fluids. Heated fluids become less dense and rise, while cooler fluids are denser and sink.

Convection requires the movement of molecules, which is limited in solids. Solid molecules are tightly packed and cannot move freely like those in fluids.

The ratio between the mass and volume of a substance or object. It tells you how much mass is packed into a given space.

The space a cube occupies, calculated by multiplying its length, width, and height.

A technique used to find the volume of irregular objects by measuring the amount of water displaced when the object is submerged.

The density of water is 1 gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or 1 gram per milliliter (g/mL).

When calculating density, ensure that the units of mass and volume are compatible. For example, use grams (g) for mass and milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cm³) for volume.