Canoeing Basics and Techniques

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the canoe is referred to as the rear?

Hull

Yoke

Bow

Stern (correct)

What is the main purpose of the draw stroke in canoeing?

To change direction sharply

To move the canoe forward

To pull the canoe towards the paddle (correct)

To stabilize the canoe while entering

Which of the following statements is true regarding the yoke of the canoe?

It is used to lift the canoe.

It connects the two seats in the canoe. (correct)

It is the entire frame of the canoe.

It is located at the front of the canoe.

What should a paddler do to maintain stability when entering the canoe?

Keep their center of gravity low. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the J stroke in canoeing?

To steer and change direction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the canoe is called the hull?

The entire frame of the canoe. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why should a paddler avoid grabbing the gunwales while entering the canoe?

It might cause the canoe to tip over. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What safety measure is recommended when using a canoe?

Wearing a life jacket. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of power while paddling in canoeing?

The rotation of the torso (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of checking the weather before hiking?

To avoid big storms (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the fire triangle?

Time (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which fire-laying technique is the kindling arranged in a square frame around the tinder?

Log Cabin Fire (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with your arms when signaling for a left turn while cycling?

Stick out your left arm (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tree has needle-like leaves?

Conifer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be worn to prevent falls and sprains while hiking?

Proper hiking shoes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What action should you take before starting a rescue for a flipped canoe?

Check on the people in the water (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which knot is used primarily for securing a load with a rope?

Trucker's Hitch (B) Signup and view all the answers

What technique should be employed when going downhill quickly on a bike?

Take your butt off the seat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of wetland is characterized by being dominated by woody plants and having saturated soils during the growing season?

Swamp (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of bogs?

Very acidic and low in nutrients (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes conservation from preservation?

Conservation allows for outdoor recreation, while preservation does not. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these animals is NOT commonly associated with wetlands?

Bald Eagles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What element of a map helps to interpret the meaning of symbols for roads, water, and land?

Legend (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental reason for the formation of wetlands?

Extended saturation with water (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which mapping technique would involve understanding UTM zones?

Orienteering with GPS (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of wetland would you expect to find peat-forming conditions?

Bog (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common environmental hazard one could encounter in the wilderness?

Extreme weather conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about latitude is correct?

Latitude can further be broken down into minutes and seconds. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Canoeing

Canoe Parts:
- Stern: Back of the canoe
- Bow: Front of the canoe
- Hull: Entire frame of the canoe
- Gunwales: Sides of the canoe (black plastic)
- Yoke: Middle section between seats
- Bow Seat: Front seat
- Stern Seat: Back seat
- Handles: For lifting and carrying
- Deck: Tip of the canoe (black part)
Canoeing Safety:
- Maintain low center of gravity and balanced weight
- Avoid entering/exiting from high docks
- Use paddle for entrance/exit stabilization, avoid grabbing gunwales
- Wear a life jacket
Canoeing Strokes:
- Forward Stroke: Pull paddle backward to the hip
- Draw Stroke: Pull boat towards paddle (docking/tight spaces)
- Pry Stroke: Push paddle outward against gunwales
- J Stroke: Turn paddle sideways for changing direction
Canoeing Techniques:
- Power comes from torso rotation, not arms
- Rotate shoulder, plant paddle, rotate back
- Brief arm engagement at end of stroke

Hiking

Hiking Hazards:
- Wear proper shoes
- Check weather conditions
- Stay on marked trails
- Carry enough water and food
- Avoid poison ivy
Hiking Locations:
- Durham Forest
- Waterfront
Environmental Values:
- Respect for the environment
- Appreciation for natural environment
- Protect and maintain healthy environment

Camping

Camping Planning:
- Tent set-up
- Firebuilding safety:
  - Choose safe spot away from dry areas and trees
  - Fire needs heat, fuel, and oxygen
  - Use tinder, kindling, and fuelwood
- Firebuilding techniques:
  1. Tepee Fire: Tinder in center, cone-shaped kindling, add fuelwood
  2. Log Cabin Fire: Tinder in center, square frame of kindling, layering larger fuelwood

Cycling

Bicycle Parts:
- Handlebar: Front, above tire
- Front/Rear Brakes; Gear shifter
- Frame: Top tube, head tube, down tube, seat tube
- Pedals; Crankset; Chain stay; Chain
- Seat post; Saddle
- Fork, hub, disc brake rotator
- Caliper, spokes, nipple
- Rim, Tire
Cycling Safety/Signals:
- Left arm outstretched for turns left
- Bent elbow, forearm up for turns right
- Palm facing back for stopping/slowing
- Check shoulders
- Single-file line
- Follow road rules/stop signs
- Only ride in middle of road at red lights turning left, on left side of lane
Cycling Techniques:
- Downhill: Butt off seat, lean over back tire
- Rough terrain: Level pedals, lean over

Ropes

Ropes Knots:
- Figure 8 knot
- Bowline knot
- Clove hitch
- Trucker's hitch
- Prusik knot
- Square knot
- Timber hitch
- Double Loop Figure 8

Environmental Science

Environmental Values:
- Conservation: Protecting for use
- Preservation: Protecting from use
Biodiversity:
- Species Identification:
  - Trees: Deciduous (wide leaves); Conifers (needle-like leaves)
Wilderness Hazards:
- Poison Ivy
- Dangerous/aggressive animals
- Getting lost
- Cold
- Dehydration
- Insufficient food
- Falls/trips
- Injuries
- Invasive species (Japanese Beetles, Emerald Ash Borer)
Wetlands:
- Types: Marsh, Swamp, Fen, Bog
- Characteristics: Waterlogged soils, water-tolerant plants, shoreline protection, natural runoff
- Landmark species: Shrews, lemmings, voles, muskrats, beavers, otters, loons, many bird species
Mapping:
- Map Elements: Scale, reference, symbols (roads, water, land, contour), legend, latitude, longitude
  - Latitude: Horizontal lines (degrees N/S of Equator)
  - Longitude: Vertical lines (degrees E/W of Prime Meridian)
- Topographic maps: Show elevation
- Contour lines: Represent elevation & land shape, connecting points of equal elevation
- Contour interval: Vertical distance between contour lines (usually 50-100m)

Orienteering

Orienteering:
- Compass and GPS basics; UTM zones(essential for GPS)
- Earth divided into UTM zones for GPS.

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Description

Explore the essential parts of a canoe, safety tips, various strokes, and techniques to enhance your paddling skills. This quiz covers everything from the anatomy of a canoe to effective paddling methods. Perfect for beginners and enthusiasts looking to improve their canoeing knowledge.