Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action for vaporizing cannabis?
What is the primary mechanism of action for vaporizing cannabis?
- The vaporiser directly interacts with the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the brain.
- The vaporiser stimulates the release of acetylcholine.
- The cannabis is heated, causing the active components to vaporize and be inhaled. (correct)
- The vaporiser inhibits the effects of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine.
What is a potential negative effect of vaporizing cannabis that has been studied?
What is a potential negative effect of vaporizing cannabis that has been studied?
- Production of neurotoxic ammonia. (correct)
- Increased risk of respiratory infections.
- Increased risk of heart disease.
- Increased risk of developing a dependence on cannabis.
How do synthetic cannabinoids differ from naturally occurring cannabinoids in cannabis?
How do synthetic cannabinoids differ from naturally occurring cannabinoids in cannabis?
- Synthetic cannabinoids interact with different receptors than natural cannabinoids.
- Synthetic cannabinoids are weaker than natural cannabinoids.
- Synthetic cannabinoids are not psychoactive, unlike natural cannabinoids.
- Synthetic cannabinoids are more potent than natural cannabinoids. (correct)
What is a potential effect of THC on the heart?
What is a potential effect of THC on the heart?
What is a key difference between cannabis use and tobacco smoking in terms of respiratory health?
What is a key difference between cannabis use and tobacco smoking in terms of respiratory health?
What is a potential consequence of a weakened immune system in relation to candida?
What is a potential consequence of a weakened immune system in relation to candida?
What is the primary message conveyed in the statement: “IT IS IN THE PATIENT’S BEST INTEREST THAT RECREATIONAL HABITS ARE UNCOVERED AND BRIEFLY DISCUSSED SO THAT PATIENTS CAN BE DIRECTED TOWARDS SUPPORT”?
What is the primary message conveyed in the statement: “IT IS IN THE PATIENT’S BEST INTEREST THAT RECREATIONAL HABITS ARE UNCOVERED AND BRIEFLY DISCUSSED SO THAT PATIENTS CAN BE DIRECTED TOWARDS SUPPORT”?
Based on the provided text, what is a contributing factor to the manifestation of candida?
Based on the provided text, what is a contributing factor to the manifestation of candida?
Which of the following factors has NOT been definitively linked to the development of oral cancer?
Which of the following factors has NOT been definitively linked to the development of oral cancer?
What is the main takeaway from the study carried out by Rosenblatt et al.31?
What is the main takeaway from the study carried out by Rosenblatt et al.31?
What is a key recommendation for future research on the role of cannabis in oral cancer?
What is a key recommendation for future research on the role of cannabis in oral cancer?
Why is it important to take a holistic approach when assessing patients with candida?
Why is it important to take a holistic approach when assessing patients with candida?
The text cites Darling et al.24 in describing a specific link between cannabis use and candida. What is that link?
The text cites Darling et al.24 in describing a specific link between cannabis use and candida. What is that link?
What can a health care professional do to encourage patients to be open about their recreational drug use?
What can a health care professional do to encourage patients to be open about their recreational drug use?
Why might patients be reluctant to reveal their recreational drug use to a health care professional?
Why might patients be reluctant to reveal their recreational drug use to a health care professional?
Why is it important for a health care professional to be aware of a patient's recreational drug use?
Why is it important for a health care professional to be aware of a patient's recreational drug use?
Which of the following is NOT a resource mentioned in the text that can provide information about cannabis use?
Which of the following is NOT a resource mentioned in the text that can provide information about cannabis use?
What is the significance of confidentiality in the context of discussing recreational drug use with patients?
What is the significance of confidentiality in the context of discussing recreational drug use with patients?
How does the text suggest that professionals can approach discussions about cannabis use with patients?
How does the text suggest that professionals can approach discussions about cannabis use with patients?
According to the content, what is the primary reason why patients may be reluctant to disclose their recreational drug use?
According to the content, what is the primary reason why patients may be reluctant to disclose their recreational drug use?
Why is it important to have a dedicated organization like Talk to Frank available for patients who use recreational drugs?
Why is it important to have a dedicated organization like Talk to Frank available for patients who use recreational drugs?
What is one potential confounding factor that could influence the reliability of studies on the effects of cannabis on oral health?
What is one potential confounding factor that could influence the reliability of studies on the effects of cannabis on oral health?
What is leukoedema described as in the text?
What is leukoedema described as in the text?
What is the term for 'painful fiery red gingivitis' mentioned in the text?
What is the term for 'painful fiery red gingivitis' mentioned in the text?
What is the main reason given in the text for questioning the reliability of studies on the effects of cannabis on oral health?
What is the main reason given in the text for questioning the reliability of studies on the effects of cannabis on oral health?
What is the effect of cannabis on leptin mentioned in the text?
What is the effect of cannabis on leptin mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a condition mentioned in the text as potentially being affected by heavy cannabis use?
Which of the following is a condition mentioned in the text as potentially being affected by heavy cannabis use?
True or False: The text suggests that cannabis users are at a higher risk of developing leukoedema.
True or False: The text suggests that cannabis users are at a higher risk of developing leukoedema.
What is the primary focus of the text in relation to cannabis and oral health?
What is the primary focus of the text in relation to cannabis and oral health?
What is one possible reason why the reduction in oral health caused by smoking is less significant in cannabis users?
What is one possible reason why the reduction in oral health caused by smoking is less significant in cannabis users?
What is the most likely reason for the text's focus on the concurrent use of other recreational drugs?
What is the most likely reason for the text's focus on the concurrent use of other recreational drugs?
What is the name of the organization or entity associated with the given web address?
What is the name of the organization or entity associated with the given web address?
What year is associated with the copyright symbol in the content?
What year is associated with the copyright symbol in the content?
What is the likely primary purpose of the content presented?
What is the likely primary purpose of the content presented?
Based on the information provided, which organization is likely a parent company of Macmillan Publishers Limited?
Based on the information provided, which organization is likely a parent company of Macmillan Publishers Limited?
Which of the following could potentially be a related piece of content?
Which of the following could potentially be a related piece of content?
What type of information is typically found on the website indicated in the provided content?
What type of information is typically found on the website indicated in the provided content?
Considering the content provided, which of the following is the most likely target audience of this information?
Considering the content provided, which of the following is the most likely target audience of this information?
What could be a potential reason for including the copyright information along with the website address?
What could be a potential reason for including the copyright information along with the website address?
What is the name of the compound that binds to the cannabinoid receptor?
What is the name of the compound that binds to the cannabinoid receptor?
Which of the following is a potential oral health consequence of cannabis use?
Which of the following is a potential oral health consequence of cannabis use?
According to the provided text, what is the potential link between cannabis use and caries in cigarette smokers?
According to the provided text, what is the potential link between cannabis use and caries in cigarette smokers?
Which of the following is a potential oral manifestation of drug abuse?
Which of the following is a potential oral manifestation of drug abuse?
What is the name of the professional organization that published the study on cannabinoid receptors and their ligands?
What is the name of the professional organization that published the study on cannabinoid receptors and their ligands?
Which of the following studies focused on the relationship between social drug use/abuse and dental disease?
Which of the following studies focused on the relationship between social drug use/abuse and dental disease?
Which of the following studies specifically focused on the oral effects of drug abuse?
Which of the following studies specifically focused on the oral effects of drug abuse?
Which of the following studies explored the effects of cannabis use on oral candidal carriage?
Which of the following studies explored the effects of cannabis use on oral candidal carriage?
Flashcards
NPS
NPS
Inhibition of vagal stimulation through interactions with neurotransmitters.
Vaporisers
Vaporisers
Devices that vaporise active cannabis components for inhalation.
Synthetic cannabinoids
Synthetic cannabinoids
Intentionally modified compounds similar to those in cannabis.
Bradycardia
Bradycardia
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Respiratory effects of cannabis
Respiratory effects of cannabis
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Macmillan Publishers
Macmillan Publishers
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BDJ Team
BDJ Team
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Nature.com
Nature.com
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Springer Nature
Springer Nature
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Educational Content
Educational Content
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Academic Publishing
Academic Publishing
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Dental Research
Dental Research
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Research Communication
Research Communication
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Cannabis use implications
Cannabis use implications
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Patient confidentiality
Patient confidentiality
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Informed consent
Informed consent
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Recreational drug habits
Recreational drug habits
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Discussing drug use
Discussing drug use
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NHS Stop Smoking
NHS Stop Smoking
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Talk to Frank
Talk to Frank
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Delivering Better Oral Health
Delivering Better Oral Health
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Cannabis and oral cancer
Cannabis and oral cancer
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Candida proliferation
Candida proliferation
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Holistic approach
Holistic approach
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Immunosuppressive drugs
Immunosuppressive drugs
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Recommendations for research
Recommendations for research
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Oral tongue
Oral tongue
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Denture hygiene
Denture hygiene
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Non-cigarette tobacco use
Non-cigarette tobacco use
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Leukoedema
Leukoedema
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Gingival Enlargement
Gingival Enlargement
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Cannabis and Leptin
Cannabis and Leptin
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Painful Fiery Red Gingivitis
Painful Fiery Red Gingivitis
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Confounding Factors
Confounding Factors
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Recreational Drug Use
Recreational Drug Use
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Translucent Mucosa
Translucent Mucosa
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Oral Environment Effects
Oral Environment Effects
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Afro-Caribbean Variation
Afro-Caribbean Variation
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Heavy Cannabis Users
Heavy Cannabis Users
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Cannabinoid receptors
Cannabinoid receptors
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CB1 and CB2 receptors
CB1 and CB2 receptors
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Impact of cannabis on oral health
Impact of cannabis on oral health
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Oral candidal carriage
Oral candidal carriage
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Drug abuse and dental disease
Drug abuse and dental disease
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Cannabis and autoimmune modulation
Cannabis and autoimmune modulation
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Benign chronic mucosal lesions
Benign chronic mucosal lesions
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Carcinogenicity of marijuana smoke
Carcinogenicity of marijuana smoke
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Study Notes
Cannabis: A Joint Problem for the Dental Team
- Cannabis is a commonly abused drug in the UK, with approximately 147 million users globally (2.5%).
- In England and Wales, it's the most commonly used illegal drug, classified as a class B substance.
- Cannabis use among 16-24-year-olds was 16.3% in 2014/2015, though usage in the general population declined from 2006-2015.
- Cannabinoids are in different forms (marijuana, hashish, hash oil). Marijuana is dried leaves/flowers, smoked in joints. Hashish is resin extract from the flower head, and hash oil is a concentrated liquid from hashish (less common).
- Administration methods include smoking (joints, pipes, vapes) and edibles.
- THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is the most potent and psychoactive cannabinoid. It interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system (receptors CB1 and CB2). CB1 is in the brain, and CB2 is in immune cells/tissues.
Oral Implications of Cannabis Use
- Cannabis use can affect oral health through xerostomia (dry mouth), which increases caries risk.
- Studies have shown a higher frequency of carious lesions and a higher DMFT score (decayed, missing, filled teeth) in cannabis users (compared to controls) due to diminished saliva, oral hygiene, and high sugar intake.
- Oral irritation risk is due to the higher combustion temperatures, especially with regards to soft tissue. Leukoedema (whiteness of the mucosal lining) may be increased in cannabis users.
- Periodontal disease correlates to xerostomia impacting saliva's protective role. Gingival enlargement has been observed in heavy cannabis users.
- Possible link to oral cancer, although studies are inconsistent, pointing to a need for more conclusive research.
- Opportunistic infections, like candida, may also proliferate due to the immunosuppressive effects of THC.
- Important to assess diet and frequency of dental visits for patients utilizing the drug.
Routes of Cannabis Administration and Effects
- Smoking is the most common method, providing fast results (within minutes) that usually last 2-3 hours; THC stays in adipose tissue for up to 30 days.
- Vaporisation is a growing trend, which is less harmful than smoking. However, some concerns about neurotoxic ammonia production.
- Ingestion (edibles) usually delays effects by 1-3 hours but prolongs action.
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS)
- NPS (synthetics) mimic cannabinoids but are not regulated.
- Cannabis-like NPS are modified and sprayed onto plant material. Potency differs, often greater than THC, with unpredictable effects.
- These unregulated substances pose a greater challenge to healthcare professionals and the Department of Health.
General Effects of Cannabis Use
- Cannabis impacts multiple body systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, CNS).
- Variation among individuals and depending on the preparation/intoxication mode.
- Heart rate may increase initially, and some regular users may experience bradycardia (slowed heart rate).
- Similarities in carcinogenic chemicals between cannabis and tobacco smoke have been noted.
Identifying and Addressing Cannabis Use
- Medical history forms need adjustment to include recreational substance use questions.
- Patients should be made aware of confidentiality.
- "Ask, Advice and Act" framework is recommended (from Delivering Better Oral Health), with a brief advice period. Delay warnings, focusing on educational periods instead.
- Patients should be guided towards appropriate support (general practitioner, Stop Smoking Services, Talk to Frank).
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