Candida albicans: Morphology and Identification
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Questions and Answers

Which pathogenic Candida species is actually a commensal of humans in the mouth and vagina?

  • Candida albicans (correct)
  • Candida krusei
  • Candida tropicalis
  • Candida glabrata

    • At what temperature can Candida albicans form large thick-walled spores called chlamydospores on nutritionally deficient media?

  • 20ᵒC (correct)
  • 37ᵒC
  • 30ᵒC
  • 25ᵒC

    • Which species of Candida forms true hyphae in addition to budding yeast cells?

  • Candida krusei
  • Candida glabrata
  • Candida tropicalis
  • Candida albicans (correct)

    • What is the primary method for accurate identification of non-albicans Candida species?

    <p>Biochemical tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is invasive candidiasis usually preceded by increased colonization of the mouth and vagina?

    <p>Broad spectrum antibiotics usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is associated with the formation of germ tubes by Candida albicans?

    <p>Reynolds Braude phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of candidiasis?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature can Candida albicans form large thick-walled spores called chlamydospores?

    <p>20ᵒC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Candida forms pseudohyphae in cultures and tissues?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Candida is identified based on their ability to form large thick-walled spores called chlamydospores?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Candida is a commensal of humans, particularly in the mouth and vagina?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is associated with the formation of germ tubes by Candida albicans?

    <p>Reynolds Braude phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fungi are Gram-positive?

    <p><em>Candida</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Candida species is not dimorphic and does not form true hyphae?

    <p><em>Candida glabrata</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is associated with superficial candidiasis but not with invasive candidiasis?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of oral thrush in patients with AIDS?

    <p>Painless discrete and confluent adherent white plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with the formation of cutaneous and mucosal candidiasis?

    <p>Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal treatment is recommended for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

    <p>Clotrimazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection can Cryptococcus neoformans cause in immunosuppressed individuals?

    <p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cryptococcosis mainly contracted?

    <p>Through inhalation of desiccated yeast cells or basidiophores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment option for deeply invasive candidiasis in non-neutropenic patients?

    <p>Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of cryptococcal species in cultures?

    <p>Whitish mucoid colonies within 2-3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the microscopic appearance of cryptococcal species?

    <p>Spherical budding yeasts with a thick non-staining capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In areas of high HIV prevalence, what is the leading cause of adult meningitis?

    <p>Cryptococcal meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common to all cryptococcal species?

    <p>Encapsulation and possession of urease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is Amphotericin B the recommended treatment for deeply invasive candidiasis?

    <p>Neutropenic patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological characteristic is common to C. neoformans and C. gatti?

    <p>Basidiomycetous yeasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antifungal combination is recommended for the treatment of Candida endophthalmitis?

    <p>IV Polyene + Flucytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection can Cryptococcus neoformans cause in individuals with AIDS or immunosuppression?

    <p>Life-threatening meningo-encephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virulence factors distinguish pathogenic gatti strains from nonpathogenic strains?

    <p>Growth at 37ᵒC and production of laccase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of infection for Histoplasma capsulatum?

    <p>Moist surfaces of alkaline soils enriched with bat and bird droppings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic clinical presentation of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis?

    <p>Cough, fever, malaise with chest X-ray showing hilar adenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic method for actinomycotic mycetoma caused by Actinomyces?

    <p>Microscopy of white to yellow granules and thin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is responsible for causing eumycotic mycetoma, also known as Madura foot?

    <p>Pseudallescheria boydii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes nonpathogenic gatti strains from pathogenic strains in terms of growth conditions?

    <p>Inability to grow at 37ᵒC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Histoplasma capsulatum in terms of its ability to grow?

    <p>Forms yeast at 37ᵒC and spore/filamentous mold at 22-25ᵒC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes mycetoma caused by bacteria from mycetoma caused by fungi?

    <p>Course of the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for acute histoplasmosis?

    <p>None</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Actinomycotic mycetoma from Eumycetoma?

    <p>The causative agents and their insidious vs aggressive nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for accurate identification of non-albicans Candida species?

    <p>Culture-based identification methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal treatment is recommended for oropharyngeal cryptococcosis?

    <p>Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of adult meningitis in areas of high HIV prevalence?

    <p>Cryptococcus neoformans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal combination is recommended for the treatment of Candida endophthalmitis?

    <p>Amphotericin B + Flucytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for accurate identification of non-albicans Candida species?

    <p>Molecular methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is Amphotericin B the recommended treatment for deeply invasive candidiasis?

    <p>Non-neutropenic patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes C. neoformans and C. gatti in terms of growth conditions?

    <p>Growth at different temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for accurate identification of non-albicans Candida species?

    <p>Ability to form chlamydospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is Amphotericin B the recommended treatment for deeply invasive candidiasis?

    <p>Invasive candidiasis in neutropenic patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes C. neoformans and C. gatti in terms of growth conditions?

    <p>Ability to grow at 37ᵒC and production of laccase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of cryptococcal species in cultures?

    <p>Growth as yeast at 37ᵒC and spore/filamentous mould form at 2225ᵒC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is responsible for causing eumycotic mycetoma, also known as Madura foot?

    <p>Madurella mycetomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Actinomycotic mycetoma from Eumycetoma?

    <p>Invasive behavior and aggressive course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes mycetoma caused by bacteria from mycetoma caused by fungi?

    <p>Black granules and stout filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Candida Species

    • Candida albicans is a commensal of humans in the mouth and vagina.
    • Candida albicans forms large thick-walled spores called chlamydospores on nutritionally deficient media at a temperature of 24°C.
    • Candida albicans forms true hyphae in addition to budding yeast cells.
    • The primary method for accurate identification of non-albicans Candida species is by molecular typing.

    Invasive Candidiasis

    • Invasive candidiasis is usually preceded by increased colonization of the mouth and vagina in HIV/AIDS patients.

    Germ Tubes

    • The formation of germ tubes by Candida albicans is associated with the ability to cause infection.

    Candidiasis

    • The causative agent of candidiasis is Candida albicans.

    Fungal Characteristics

    • Fungi are Gram-positive.
    • Candida albicans is a yeast that forms pseudohyphae in cultures and tissues.

    Candida Species Identification

    • Candida albicans is identified based on their ability to form large thick-walled spores called chlamydospores.

    Superficial Candidiasis

    • Risk factors associated with superficial candidiasis but not with invasive candidiasis include antibiotic use, pregnancy, and diabetes.

    Oral Thrush

    • The characteristic appearance of oral thrush in patients with AIDS is a white, curdy plaque.

    Cutaneous and Mucosal Candidiasis

    • The factor NOT associated with the formation of cutaneous and mucosal candidiasis is neutropenia.

    Antifungal Treatment

    • The recommended treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis is topical antifungal creams or suppositories.

    Cryptococcosis

    • Cryptococcus neoformans can cause meningitis in immunosuppressed individuals.
    • Cryptococcosis is mainly contracted through inhalation of contaminated soil or bird droppings.
    • The primary treatment option for deeply invasive candidiasis in non-neutropenic patients is fluconazole.

    Cryptococcal Species

    • The characteristic appearance of cryptococcal species in cultures is a capsule surrounding the yeast cell.
    • All cryptococcal species have a characteristic capsule surrounding the yeast cell.

    Meningitis

    • In areas of high HIV prevalence, the leading cause of adult meningitis is Cryptococcus neoformans.

    Histoplasma Capsulatum

    • The primary source of infection for Histoplasma capsulatum is contaminated soil.
    • The characteristic clinical presentation of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is a granulomatous response.
    • The diagnostic method for actinomycotic mycetoma caused by Actinomyces is microscopic examination.

    Mycetoma

    • The species responsible for causing eumycotic mycetoma, also known as Madura foot, is Madurella mycetomatis.
    • The distinguishing feature of mycetoma caused by bacteria is a granulomatous response, whereas mycetoma caused by fungi is characterized by a suppurative response.

    Treatment

    • The recommended treatment for acute histoplasmosis is itraconazole.
    • The recommended treatment for oropharyngeal cryptococcosis is fluconazole.
    • The recommended treatment for Candida endophthalmitis is a combination of fluconazole and amphotericin B.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the morphology and identification of Candida albicans, the yeast causative agent of candidiasis. Learn about its growth patterns, dimorphism, and distinguishing features.

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