Cancer, Tumors, and Mutagens

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Questions and Answers

What is the process called when malignant tumors fragment, spread, and invade other tissues?

  • Apoptosis
  • Differentiation
  • Proliferation
  • Metastasis (correct)

Which term describes agents that damage DNA?

  • Carcinogens
  • Oncogenes
  • Antibiotics
  • Mutagens (correct)

What is a common side effect of chemotherapy due to the drugs targeting rapidly dividing cells?

  • Improved immunity
  • Hair loss (correct)
  • Enhanced vision
  • Weight gain

Which cancer treatment uses x-rays or gamma rays directed at the tumor to kill cancerous cells?

<p>Radiation therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is surgery NOT an option for cancer treatment?

<p>When cancer has spread diffusely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic information do egg and sperm contribute to the zygote during fertilization?

<p>Half of the individual's genetic information each (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the two new nuclei into new cells during cell division?

<p>Cytokinesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins make the decision to proceed through the cell cycle or to stop?

<p>Tumor-suppressor genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a cell decides to wait before dividing?

<p>It undergoes apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of genes code for proteins that encourage cell division?

<p>Proto-oncogenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are involved in deciding whether or not to proceed with cell division?

<p>Checkpoint proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cancer according to the text?

<p>Overexpression of proto-oncogenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of cell division do alleles on homologous chromosomes separate?

<p>Anaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does crossing-over affect genes that are farther apart on a chromosome?

<p>Increases the chance of separation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from nondisjunction during cell division?

<p>Abnormal number of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alleles segregate during fertilization?

<p>One allele of each gene from each parent is contributed to a gamete (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the generation of a large number of different offspring from two parents?

<p>Independent assortment, segregation, mutation, and crossing-over (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some abnormal gametes resulting from nondisjunction survive?

<p>Some abnormal gametes result in viable offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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