Cancer Research
42 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the estimated lifetime risk of getting a cancer diagnosis for those born in 1961?

  • 1 in 2 (correct)
  • 3 in 4
  • 2 in 3
  • 1 in 3

    • What percentage of cancers are potentially preventable?

  • 20%
  • 50%
  • 30%
  • 40% (correct)

    • What is the approximate number of new cancer cases in the UK every day?

  • 2,000
  • 500
  • 1,000 (correct)
  • 1,500

    • What is the approximate percentage of cancer patients who will survive for 10+ years?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach important in cancer treatment?

    <p>Because it improves patient outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a growing trend in cancer treatment, resulting in increasing costs to the NHS?

    <p>The introduction of new chemotherapy drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cytotoxics in cancer treatment?

    <p>By interfering with DNA replication or cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hormone therapy and targeted therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>Hormone therapy blocks hormone receptors, while targeted therapy exploits differences in cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of cisplatin treatment?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is vincristine primarily used to treat?

    <p>Haematological cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of palbociclib in treating ER+ HER2-ve breast cancer?

    <p>By preventing the passing of checkpoint R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of daratumumab in treating multiple myeloma?

    <p>By provoking an immune response against cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using targeted therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>It exploits differences in cancer cells, leading to fewer side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using hormone therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To treat ER+ tumours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using cytotoxics in combination with other treatments in cancer treatment?

    <p>It increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy by killing cancer cells more quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of palliative treatment in cancer patients?

    <p>To relieve symptoms and improve quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of using hormone therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>It is not curative when used alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when it comes to CINV reaction?

    <p>It has an anticipatory component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of a tumor or affected tissue as a preventative measure?

    <p>Prophylactic removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the system used to measure the performance status of a cancer patient?

    <p>ECOG system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT a mainstay treatment for CINV?

    <p>Levomepromazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common effect of chemotherapy on the GI system?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of two or more treatments simultaneously for cancer treatment?

    <p>Concurrent treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the treatment given after another intervention to reduce the risk of recurrence?

    <p>Adjuvant therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cognitive impairment associated with chemotherapy?

    <p>Chemo brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Vismodegib?

    <p>Inhibiting the Hedgehog pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential long-term effect of chemotherapy?

    <p>Reduced libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the treatment given before another intervention to reduce the size of the tumor?

    <p>Neo-adjuvant therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect of Olaparib?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for reducing the dose of chemotherapy or changing treatment?

    <p>To alleviate higher severity effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the system used to stage cancer, which takes into account the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastases?

    <p>TNM system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a pharmacist in clinical trials?

    <p>Running clinics and providing advice to clinicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'round' of treatment or chemotherapy?

    <p>Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating body surface area (BSA) in chemotherapy dosing?

    <p>To calculate the patient's dose based on BSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genetic defect associated with breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer?

    <p>BRCA1/2 defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic testing in cancer treatment?

    <p>To determine the patient's genetic markers for targeted therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the risk factors that can be modified or changed to reduce the risk of developing cancer?

    <p>Modifiable risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Mosteller formula?

    <p>To calculate the patient's body surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a pharmacist in cancer treatment?

    <p>To check the accuracy of medication prescriptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the worked example provided in the text?

    <p>To illustrate the calculation of chemotherapy dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of toxicity management in cancer treatment?

    <p>To manage adverse effects and reduce their impact on cancer treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are patients on chemotherapy often told to avoid paracetamol?

    <p>Because it can interact with chemotherapy medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer Treatment Overview

    • Around 1,000 new cases of cancer are diagnosed every day in the UK, with a 1 in 2 lifetime risk of getting a cancer diagnosis.
    • Almost 50% of people will survive cancer for 10+ years, and ~40% of cancers are potentially preventable.

    Risk Factors

    • Non-modifiable risk factors:
      • Age
      • Genetics
    • Modifiable risk factors:
      • Smoking
      • Alcohol
      • Infections (e.g., HPV, EBV, Hepatitis B/C, HIV)
      • Obesity
      • Medication
      • Co-morbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, IHD)

    Genetics and Cancer

    • Inherited or acquired genetic defects can increase cancer risk
    • Examples:
      • BRCA1/2 defects (breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic cancer)
      • Lynch syndrome (bowel cancer)
      • TP53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome) (various cancers)

    Infections and Cancer

    • Chronic infections can increase cancer risk
    • Examples:
      • HPV (cervical cancer)
      • EBV
      • Hepatitis B/C
      • HIV

    Cancer Treatment Aims

    • Curative: aim to eliminate cancer
    • Palliative: aim to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life

    Types of Cancer Treatment

    • Surgery
    • Radiotherapy
    • Chemotherapy (Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy, SACT)
    • Hormone therapy
    • Targeted therapy
    • Immunotherapy

    Chemotherapy (SACT)

    • Cytotoxics:
      • Interfere with DNA replication or cell division
      • Examples: Cisplatin, Vincristine
    • Hormone therapy:
      • Blocks hormones that fuel cancer growth
      • Examples: Tamoxifen, Anastrozole
    • Targeted therapy:
      • Exploits differences between cancer and healthy cells
      • Examples: Trastuzumab, Pembrolizumab

    Role of the Pharmacist in Cancer Treatment

    • Historically:
      • Screening prescriptions
      • Clinical checks
      • Production and release of SACT
      • Patient counseling
    • Developments:
      • Running clinics
      • Pharmacist prescribers
      • Consultant posts
      • Trial principal investigators
      • Advanced clinical practice roles

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser