Cancer Nutrition and Dietary Factors

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Questions and Answers

What is the evidence status of Vitamin E supplements in relation to prostate cancer?

Possible benefit, but unproven (correct)

Evidence of harm

Evidence of possible harm and benefit

Insufficient evidence to conclude benefit or risk

According to the guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer prevention, how much moderate to vigorous physical activity is preferable for adults per day?

At least 60 minutes

At least 45 minutes (correct)

At least 30 minutes

At least 90 minutes

What is the evidence status of ß-carotene supplements in relation to lung cancer?

Evidence of harm (correct)

Evidence of possible harm and benefit

Possible benefit, but unproven

Evidence of lack of benefit

According to the guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer prevention, how many servings of vegetables and fruits should adults consume per day?

At least 5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence status of Selenium in relation to prostate cancer?

Possible benefit, but unproven Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to maintaining a healthy weight according to the guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer prevention?

Maintain a healthy weight throughout life Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence status of Vitamin V supplements in relation to breast cancer?

Insufficient evidence to conclude benefit or risk Signup and view all the answers

According to the guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer prevention, what type of grains should be chosen over others?

Whole grains Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary approach for cancer prevention?

Choose a diet rich in a variety of plant-based foods and eat plenty of vegetables and fruits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cancers is associated with obesity in women?

Breast cancer (postmenopausal) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of calorie restriction on cancer in rodents?

It reduces the risk of cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for cancer prevention?

Maintaining a healthy weight and being physically active Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cancers is associated with obesity in men?

Prostate cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excess calorie intake on cancer in animals?

It increases the risk of cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended dietary approach for reducing the risk of lung cancer?

Eating a diet rich in fruits and non-starchy vegetables Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between fruits and non-starchy vegetables and cancer risk?

Fruits and non-starchy vegetables are associated with a decreased risk of cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential mechanism by which calorie restriction may help prevent cancer?

Increasing the body's ability to detoxify carcinogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between physical activity and the risk of certain malignancies?

People who are more physically active have a lower risk of certain malignancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the premise behind the hypothesis that antioxidant vitamins may protect against cancer?

Oxidative damage to DNA leads to cancer progression Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of prospective placebo-controlled trials on beta carotene supplements in smokers and former smokers?

An increase in lung cancer incidence and mortality Signup and view all the answers

What is the current state of research on the potential anticancer properties of vitamin and mineral supplements?

The results continue to reinforce the lack of efficacy of vitamin supplements in preventing cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calorie restriction in cancer prevention?

It increases the body's ability to detoxify carcinogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between vitamin and mineral supplements and cancer prevention?

The evidence is insufficient to support the use of vitamin and mineral supplements to prevent cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential mechanism by which antioxidant vitamins may protect against cancer?

By preventing oxidative DNA damage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

Proven benefits of dietary factors in cancer prevention are yet to be verified in clinical trials.
Vitamin E supplements may have a possible benefit in prostate cancer, but evidence is insufficient for breast and lung cancer.
Vitamin V supplements have insufficient evidence to conclude benefit or risk for prostate, breast, and lung cancer.
ß-carotene supplements may have a possible benefit in breast cancer, but evidence shows harm in lung cancer.
Selenium may have a possible benefit in prostate cancer, but evidence is insufficient for breast cancer.

Guidelines for Cancer Prevention

Maintain a healthy weight throughout life.
Adopt a physically active lifestyle, with at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity, 5 or more days a week.
Eat a healthy diet, with an emphasis on plant-based foods, including:
- 5 or more servings of a variety of vegetables and fruits each day.
- Whole grains over processed grains.
- Limiting intake of processed and red meats.

Complete Strategy for Eliminating Cancer

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) blood test and ultrasound are recommended.

Cancer Prevention

Choose a diet rich in a variety of plant-based foods.
Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits.
Maintain a healthy weight and be physically active.
Select foods low in fat and salt.
Prepare and store food safely.

Diet and Cancer

Evidence for the influence of dietary factors on cancer is uncertain.
Fruits and non-starchy vegetables are associated with a probable decreased risk for cancers of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach.
Fruits are also associated with a probable decreased risk of lung cancer.

Maintain a Desirable Weight

Obesity is a recognized cancer risk factor.
Cancers associated with obesity include:
- Breast (postmenopausal) and endometrium in women.
- Prostate, colorectal, kidney, liver/gall bladder, and pancreatic in men.

Body Weight and Cancer

Excess calorie intake in animals has a significant influence on the appearance of spontaneously, or chemically or radiation-induced cancers.
Calorie restriction appears to reduce metabolic rate, body temperature, free radical generation, and genetic mutations.
Calorie restriction may also increase the body's ability to detoxify carcinogens.

Physical Activity and Cancer

A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests that people who are more physically active have a lower risk of certain malignancies than those who are more sedentary.

Vitamin and Dietary Supplement Use

Some have advocated vitamin and mineral supplements for cancer prevention.
Many different mechanistic pathways for anticancer effects have been invoked.
The evidence is insufficient to support the use of multivitamin and mineral supplements or single vitamins or minerals to prevent cancer.
Beta carotene is an antioxidant that was thought to prevent or reverse smoking-related changes leading to lung cancer, but few prospective placebo-controlled trials found that smokers and former smokers who received beta carotene supplements had increased lung cancer incidence and mortality.

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Description

This quiz covers the benefits and risks of different dietary factors during and after cancer treatment. It includes information on vitamins and their effects on various types of cancer.